Liquid-phase adsorption: Characterization and use of activated carbon prepared from diosgenin production residue

The adsorption behavior of activated carbon (AC) prepared from the residue of diosgenin by-product was characterized. The adsorption capacities of AC such as iodine, phenol and methylene blue (MB) are 933.28, 145.38 and 165 mg/g, respectively. The results of MP analysis and BJH method show AC has developed micropore and mesopore volumes, which are 0.1621 and 0.2623 cm³/g respectively, with the mean pore diameter of 1.49 nm. Comparison of the liquid phase adsorption capacities of AC to the standard activated carbon (SAC) and the commercial activated carbon (CAC) for wastewater treatment showed AC was superior to SAC and CAC. Experiments on phenol and MB adsorption and COD and chroma removal from diosgenin wastewater were carried out under different conditions of contact time, temperature, concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. The removal of COD and chroma of 10-multiple wastewater is 92.46 mg/g and 88 %, respectively. Adsorption parameters for the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were determined. At lower temperatures, the data for phenol and COD fitted Freundlich model better than Langmuir model and vise versa for MB and chroma. Adsorption followed second-order kinetics. The study proves that AC prepared from the residue of diosgenin by-product can be used as adsorbent for the treatment of diosogenin wastewater as a cost-effective approach of resource recycle of Discorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright.     

一个具有自适应取阈功能的光电网络系统及其性能分析

提出了用光电混合网络来完成自适应取阈功能的硬件实现方法。该网络系统能根据输入状态的不同,通过网络单元间的相互竞争而达到对系统的阈值的自适应调整,使阈值总是等于最大输入值而完成“胜者全取”（WTA）。该网络系统主要由非晶硅半导体PIN光电探测阵列和“胜者全取”电子网络组成。又由于系统完全采用并行处理方式,因而具有响应速度快、灵敏度高、寻址能力强、结构简单和性能稳定等优点,能方便有效地应用于自适应取阈、相关峰检测、联想存储等光电混合系统,对一个36个单元的网络进行了实验测试并对其性能进行了分析。     

用于实时识别三维物体的级联神经网络模型的优化方法

利用级联神经网络模型对多个三维目标进行识别 ,为提高其正确识别率 ,提出多种优化方法 ,它们可单独使用 ,也可以联合使用。对不变性编码、算法、互连权重的二值化方法、样本优选等进行了研究和探讨。利用优化后的模型对三个飞机模型在视场内的任意位置、任意取向 (面内旋转 36 0° ,面外旋转大于 45°)的投影进行识别。计算机模拟表明正确识别率达到 96 %以上。     

HPLC determination of γ‐aminobutyric acid and its analogs in human serum using precolumn fluorescence labeling with 4‐(carbazole‐9‐yl)‐benzyl chloroformate

In this study, a simple analytical method for the determination of γ‐aminobutyric acid, gabapentin, and baclofen by using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was developed. An amidogen‐reactive fluorescence labeling reagent, 4‐(carbazole‐9‐yl)‐benzyl chloroformate was first used to sensitively label these analytes. The completed labeling of these analytes can be finished rapidly only within 5 min at the room temperature (25°C) to form 4‐(carbazole‐9‐yl)‐benzyl chloroformate labeled fluorescence derivatives. These labeled derivatives expressed strong fluorescence property with the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 280 and 380 nm, respectively. The labeled derivatives were analyzed using a reversed‐phase Eclipse SB‐C18 column within 10 min with satisfactory shapes. Excellent linearity (R² > 0.995) for all analytes was achieved with the limits of detection and the limits of quantitation in the range of 0.25?0.35 and 0.70?1.10 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was used for the simultaneous determination of γ‐aminobutyric acid and its analogs in human serum with satisfactory recoveries in the range of 94.5–97.5%.     

Establishment of pressurized liquid extraction followed by HPLC–MS/MS method for the screening of adrenergic drugs,steroids, sedatives,colorants and antioxidants in swine feed

A facile and sensitive multi‐residue detection approach of pressurized liquid extraction following high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established to detect the residues of adrenergic drugs, steroids, sedative, colorant and antioxidant in feed. The conditions employed for pressurized liquid extraction involved acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) as the extracting solvent, the temperature 80°C, two cycles and a static time of 10 min. The extraction was followed by a solid‐phase extraction clean‐up step. The separation of samples was done by C₁₈ column with the mobile phase of 5 mM ammonium acetate solution and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 1 μg/kg, limits of detection were in a range of 0.01–0.5 μg/kg, and average recoveries were 70.4–98.6%. The pressurized liquid extraction procedure was optimized and overall method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, selectivity, matrix effect, accuracy, recovery and stability of the target drugs in the pressurized liquid extraction extracts solution. The screening method was proved to be fast, selective, accurate and sensitive for screening drugs.     

Gaseous Formaldehyde Degrading by Methylobacterium sp. XJLW

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Formaldehyde is harmful to human beings. It is widely used in chemical industry, medicine, and agriculture and is frequently discharged into the sewage....     

溴鎓离子的结构解析

溴鎓离子是烯烃与溴加成历程中的环状中间体,详细解析其结构对理解不同烯烃与溴的加成历程以及判断加成产物都大有裨益。目前,国内外的教材还没有关于溴鎓离子结构的详细介绍,本文将对溴鎓离子三元环中各原子的杂化方式和电荷分布及后续的亲核取代历程等方面进行分析,以期为有机化学教材提供适当的补充。     

Kinetics of glass transition and crystallization in multicomponent bulk amorphous alloys

Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used to investigate apparent activation energy of glass transition and crystallization of Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys by Kissinger equation under non-isothermal condition. It is shown that the glass transition behavior as well as crystallization reaction depends on the heating rate and has a characteristic of kinetic effects. After being isothermally annealed near glass transition temperature, the apparent activation energy of glass transition increases and the apparent activation energy of crystallization reaction decreases. However, the kinetic effects are independent of the pre-annealing.     

液晶人工神经元阵列的研制

研制了一种液晶灵巧像素光学神经元阵列器件，它利用光电混合集成技术，以非晶硅作光敏材料，以液晶实现光调制，通过特殊设计的器件结构，能实现对两束光的相减和非线性取阈等人工神经元功能。该器件具有８×８个神经元，以全并行方式工作     

一种用于多目标旋转不变分类识别的神经网络模型及算法

提出了一种适于光学实现的神经网络模型和算法，通过对３种飞行器平面内旋转投影较的识别，证明了该方法具有对多目标转动不变的模式识别能力。