Secondary nucleation and growth of ZnO

Recently we discovered that under certain conditions new crystal growth (branch) can be induced on specific crystalline planes of the same material. This is a new phenomenon and is in sharp contrast to typical nucleation and growth in which a crystal will simply grow larger in preferred directions depending on the surface energy of the specific crystalline planes. Based on our observation, we developed a sequential nucleation and growth technique offering the power to assemble complex hierarchical crystals step-by-step. However, the key questions of when and how the secondary nucleation takes place have not been answered. Here we systematically study secondary ZnO crystal growth using organic diamine additives with a range of chain lengths and concentration. We found that ZnO branches form for a narrow diamine concentration range with a critical lower and upper critical nucleation concentration limit, which increases by about a factor of 5 for each additional carbon in the diaminoalkane chain. Our results suggest that the narrow window for secondary growth is dictated by the solubility of the ZnO crystals, where the low critical nucleation concentration is determined by slight etching of the surface to produce new nucleation sites, and the upper critical concentration is determined by the supersaturation concentration. Kinetic measurements show that the induction time and growth rate increase with increasing diamine concentration and follow classical nucleation and growth theory. Observations of branch morphological evolution reveal the mechanisms guiding the tunable crystal size and morphology.     

Self-organization of double-C60 end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) in chloronaphthalene and benzene solvent mixtures

Well-defined and narrowly distributed double-C60 end-functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) (C60-PEO-C60) was prepared by reacting azido-terminated PEO with C60. The self-organization behavior of such C60-modified copolymers in different mixtures of chloronaphthalene (CN) and benzene (BN) was studied by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering. For C60-PEO-C60 in pure CN, a selective solvent only for C60, self-organization occurred to form a large micelle-like core-shell aggregate, probably with some C60 interlocking with each other with the collapsed PEO chains as the core. The addition of BN, a second selective solvent for core-forming PEO chains, has a significant effect on the structures and compactness of the resultant aggregates because the introduction of BN increases the stretching of the PEO chains inside the core and modifies the interfacial energy of the core-corona interface. On the other hand, for C60-PEO-C60 in pure BN, a non-solvent of C60, several smaller flower-like micelles may self-organize to form a large spherical-like aggregation complex.     

Defect engineering for high-selection-performance of NO reduction to NH3 over CeO2（111） surface: A DFT study

To reduce the greenhouse effect caused by the surgery of nitrogen-oxides concentration in the atmosphere and develop a future energy carrier of renewables, it is very critical to develop more efficient,controllable, and highly sensitive catalytic materials. In our work, we proposed that nitric oxide（NO）, as a supplement to N₂ for the synthesis of ammonia, which is equipped with a lower barrier. And the study highlighted the potential of CeO₂（111） nanosheets with La doping a...     

内变量和伪弹性的热力学模型

在固体相变中经常出现滞后,需要内变量以描述滞后现象。对记忆合金单晶拉伸实验,所需内变量是奥氏体和马氏体区域的界面数。本文首先讨论有关的实验结果,然后给出以此内变量为基础的热力学模型。     

MARLOWE-固体中两体碰撞的模拟计算程序及其应用

MARLOWE是一个基于两体碰撞近似模拟各类结构的固体中原子级联过程的通用计算机程序。本文简单介绍了该程序的理论基础、所采用的近似、特点及其适用的范围。文中还概述了我们用这一程序研究的部分物理工作。     

Heteroclinic orbit and subharmonic bifurcations and chaos of nonlinear oscillator

Dynamical behavior of nonlinear oscillator under combined parametric and forcing excitation, which includes van der Pol damping, is very complex. In this paper, Melnikov'smethod is used to study the heteroclinic orbit bifurcations, subharmonic bifurcations and chaos in this system. Smale horseshoes and chaotic motions can occur from odd subharmonic bifurcation of infinite order in this system for various resonant cases.Finally the numerical computing method is used to study chaotic motions of this system. The results achieved reveal some new phenomena.     

依来铬蓝黑B的电还原

本文使用普通极谱、脉冲极谱、循环伏安法研究了依来铬蓝黑B的电还原。在pH=2-12间,依来铬蓝黑B可产生一个受扩散控制的不可逆还原波。随pH增加,在pH6附近电子数由2增到4(对数分析),E_1/2线性负移, ∂E_1/2/∂pH=-65mV。根据实验结果,提出一带有不稳定中间体的岐化反应的电还原机理。由此,解释了电子数随pH变化的原因。     

红花罂粟植物的各个部分中蒂巴因含量的测定

采用甲醇浸泡、超声波一次提取处理样品,气相色谱内标法定量测定不同种类及不同培育方法的红花罂粟植物的全果、根、叶、苞片、果盖、果壳、茎中蒂巴因的含量。方法采用多点校正,其线性相关系数为０．９９６,变异系数为２．９％～５．４％,最低绝对检出量可达２ｎｇ。蒂巴因的色谱峰为双峰,经质谱确证为异构体,这两种异构体的比例不固定,取其峰面积之和定量。应用该方法对前后３年共１６８个样品进行了测定,提取样品中蒂巴因的图谱与蒂巴因标准品的图谱完全一致,样品中的其它杂质均不干扰蒂巴因的测定。     

超临界流体萃取-高效液相色谱离线联用分析灵芝中三萜类化合物

在系统考察压力、温度和时间对萃取率影响的基础上,利用超临界流体萃取技术提取了灵芝子实体中的三萜类化合物。其最佳萃取条件为:压力15 MPa,温度35℃,动态萃取时间120 m in,CO2流量1 mL/m in,背压阀温度50℃。此外,还建立了高效液相色谱梯度洗脱分离三萜类化合物的方法。通过比较超临界流体提取物和甲醇提取物的色谱图,发现两者具有相似的峰形,说明超临界流体能够达到与甲醇相近的萃取效果,可以取代甲醇作为新一代的绿色萃取溶剂。     

简易构筑Bi2Mo3O12@Bi2O2CO3异质结增强光催化脱除NO性能及其转化过程（英文）

电荷分离及转移是影响光催化效率的重要因素之一.本文采用简易的水热焙烧法,设计并构筑了Bi2Mo3O12@Bi2O2CO3(BMO@BOC)异质结,促进了光生载流子的分离与迁移,并优化了异质结构中的BMO与BOC的组分比例,其中BMO@BOC-1样品展现了最高的光催化脱除NO效率(~35%),且具有优异的循环稳定性.SEM与TEM结果表明,BMO@BOC-1样品是由超薄纳米片构成,可以提供丰富的反应活性位点,从而促进光催化反应的发生.HRTEM,XRD及Raman充分证明已成功合成不同组分比例的BMO@BOC异质结.同时, Raman与XPS结果表明, BMO@BOC异质结由Bi, O,C及Mo组成, XPS图谱中拟合峰位置的偏移是由异质结组分不同所致.值得注意的是, UV-visDRS结果表明,BMO@BOC-4具有最好的光谱吸收性能,但它与BMO@BOC-2和BMO@BOC-1样品的吸收带边相近,而PL结果则表明BMO@BOC-1具有更好的电荷分离性能,以及合适的组分比例,在一定程度上可以促进光吸收,并能最大限度的促进光生载流子的分离.BMO@BOC-1样品的ESR测试结果说明,·OH与·O2-的含量随着光照时间的延长而增加,证实了它们是光催化NO氧化的活性中间物种.另外,光催反应机制的研究在高效光催化剂的研发及其商业化应用中具有深远意义.本文还利用原位红外实时动态监测手段,采用"连续流测试法"与"间歇流测试法"直观动态地研究了BMO@BOC异质结催化剂表面光催化NO脱除反应过程.结果表明,在开灯前的吸附阶段于催化剂表面形成了NO-, NO2-以及NO2等中间产物,开灯后的氧化阶段出现终产物(NO3-).进一步深入分析,中间产物NO-和NO2-在氧化阶段会被氧化活性物种进一步氧化成NO3-,而中间产物NO2可能作为一种毒副产物影响NO的完全氧化.综上所述,本文将为理解NO氧化过程提供直观且动态的研究方法,对光催化技术的发展具有重要的指导意义.