Real time microscopy, kinetics, and mechanism of giant fullerene evaporation

We report in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observing the shrinkage of single-layer giant fullerenes (GF). At temperatures approximately 2000 degrees C, the GF volume reduces by greater than one 100-fold while the fullerene shell remains intact, evolving from a slightly polygonized to a nearly spherical shape with a smaller diameter. The number of carbon atoms in the GF decreases linearly with time until the small subbuckyball cage opens and rapidly disappears. Theoretical modeling indicates that carbon atoms are removed predominantly from the weakest binding energy sites, i.e., the pentagons, leading to the constant evaporation rate. The fullerene cage integrity is attributed to the collective behavior of interacting defects. These results constitute the first experimental evidence for the "shrink-wrapping" and "hot-giant" fullerene formation mechanisms.     

聚L-谷氨酸苄酯固定相的制备及色谱评价

利用L-谷氨酸苄酯开环聚合得到聚L-谷氨酸苄酯,对其进行表征,将聚L-谷氨酸苄酯溶于四氢呋喃后涂敷在3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅胶上制得液相色谱固定相,研究了正相色谱条件下聚L-谷氨酸苄酯涂敷型固定相对9种位置异构体及10种手性化合物的拆分能力。以不同比例的正己烷/异丙醇为流动相,有6种位置异构体(o,m,p-氯苯胺、o,m,p-溴苯胺、o,m,p-碘苯胺、o,m,p-硝基苯胺、o,m,p-二硝基苯和o,m,p-苯二胺)和4种手性化合物(1-(对氯苯基)乙醇、5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺、华法林和四咪唑)得到不同程度的拆分,表明聚L-谷氨酸苄酯涂敷型固定相对位置异构体具有较好的识别作用,同时也表现出良好的手性拆分能力。     

Wave-activity relation containing wave-basic flow interaction based on decomposition of general potential vorticity

On the basis of the general potential vorticity theorem(GPV),a new wave-activity relation is derived in an ageostrophic and nonhydrostatic dynamic framework.Whe...     

Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach

Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At spike levels from 0.01 to 5 mg kg⁻¹, the average recoveries of both analytes were in the range of 94.5–105.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.8–10.9%. The dissipation behavior of thiamethoxam followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of ≤1.6 days. Clothianidin appeared readily as a plant metabolite with highest level exhibited during 3 to 5 days after application. Temperature and light may be two main factors for degradation of thiamethoxam. Besides, acute risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin was evaluated with risk quotients (RQs) <100%, which suggested a low health risk for all consumer groups of Chinese residents.     

Deeper Insight into the Volatile Profile of Rosa willmottiae with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC–MS Analysis

As the distribution center of Rosa in the world, China has abundant wild germplasm resources, which can contribute to the breeding of modern roses. To explore the potential value of wild roses distributed in the Sichuan–Tibet region, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Rosa willmottiae flowers at three flowering stages (bud stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage). Meanwhile, we compared the VOCs of R. willmottiae with different phenotypes (double flowers and single flowers). A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified. The results show that the essential substances belong to alcohols and terpenoids. The main volatile organic compounds are 2-phenyl ethanol (20.49%), benzyl alcohol (10.69%), β-maaliene (8.66%), geranyl acetate (8.47%), and (+)-α-long pinene (6.127%). Different flowering stages had great influence on the volatile profile, from the bud stage to full flowering stage; the content of terpenoids released decreased by 6.17%, whereas alcohols and esters increased by 8.58% and 11.56%, respectively. The chemical diversity and the content of the main components with a different phenotype were not significantly different. Our result will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Rosa willmottiae in Sichuan and Tibet.     

可磁分离的"核-壳"结构Fe3O4@SiO2/Bi2WO6/Ag2O催化材料的制备及光催化性能研究

采用沉淀-沉积法制备了磁性Fe3O4@SiO2/Bi2 WO6/Ag2O催化材料,利用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis-DRS光谱对其组成、形貌和光吸收特性进行表征.以氙灯模拟可见光,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对所得催化剂进行性能评价,考察了不同Ag2O复合量对Bi2WO6光催化剂反应活性的影响.结果表明,Fe3O4@SiO2/Bi2WO6/Ag2O的光催化活性明显优于纯Bi2 WO6,当Ag2 O的复合量为0.6;时,催化剂的活性最好.催化剂的活性增强增强机理分析表明,Ag2O的复合有效地降低了Bi2WO6的光生电子-空穴复合率,增加了Bi2WO6的可见光吸收范围.此外,该催化材料可进行磁分离,易于回收重复利用.     

Synthesis,Bioactivity Evaluation,3D-QSAR,and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides as Potential Fungicides Targeting Succinate Dehydrogenase

To screen novel antifungal agents targeting the succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),a series of pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides were rationally designed,synthesized,and characterized under the guidance of the structures of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHIs).Bioassay results in vitro indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited excellent activity against Rhizoctonia solani(R.solani),Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum),Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)and Colletotrichum capsica(C.cinerea).Compounds 7d,7l,7t and 7x were identified as the most promoting candidates,and their anti-F.graminearum EC50 values were as low as 0.56,0.47,0.46 and 0.49μg/mL,respectively,presenting the similar antifungal activity as that of the commonly used fungicide carbendazim(0.43μg/mL).The 3D-QSAR models were built for a systematic structure-activity relationship profile to explore more potent pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides as novel fungicides.Molecular docking of 7d,7l and 7r with SDH was performed to reveal the binding modes in active pocket and analyze the interactions between the molecules and the SDH protein.     

A novel PCR-based technology for rapid and non-sequencing authentication of Bombyx batryticatus using species-specific primers

A novel PCR technology was developed to detect short DNA fragments using species-specific primers for rapid and non-sequencing authentication of Bombyx batryticatus based on differences in the mitochondrial genome. Three specifically designed primer reactions were established to target species for the reliable identification of their commercial products. They were confirmed to have a high inter-species specificity and intra-species stability. The limit of detection was estimated as 1 ng of genomes for Beauveria bassiana and 100 pg for Bombyx mori and Metarhizium anisopliae. Furthermore, validation results demonstrated that raw materials and their processed products can be conveniently authenticated with good sensitivity and precision using this newly proposed approach. In particular, when counterfeits were assayed, these primer sets performed well, whereas COI barcoding technology did not. These could also assist in the discrimination and identification of adulterates of other animal-derived medicines in their pulverized and processed forms and even in complexes.