Thienylmethylene Oxindole Based Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polymerization and Their Electrochromic Properties

Direct arylation methods have been used to polymerize thienylmethylene oxindoles(TEIs) and 3,3-bis[[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2 H-thieno-[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepin(ProDOT) for new donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. The polymers exhibited blue hues in neutralstate with distinct color-to-transmissive reversible electrochromic switching under applied potentials from 0 V to +1.5 V, and showed high coloration efficiencies(436-438 cm~2·C~(-1)) in near-infrared regions with high switching speeds around 1-2 s under ambient conditions.     

几种核苷的毛细管胶束电动色谱分离

在胶束电动色谱模式下,考察了影响核苷分离的缓冲溶液、SDS浓度、pH、表面活性剂、有机添加剂、分离温度及外加电压等重要因素,并优化了关键的分离条件,建立了一种简单快速的利用毛细管胶束电动色谱DAD检测器分离分析核苷的新方法。当缓冲溶液为36 mmol/L硼酸缓冲液(pH 9.0)、30 mmol/L SDS和3%(V/V)乙腈,分离电压为25 kV和分离温度为25℃时,5种核苷在6 m in内实现了令人满意的基线分离。在优化的条件下,对其线性范围、检出限和重现性进行了测定。结果表明,核苷的迁移时间的重现性<1%;面积的重现性<3%。所建立的分离方法的线性范围宽,检出限低,重现性好。     

毛细管电泳法测定左旋多巴药片的光学纯度

建立了一种毛细管电泳测定左旋多巴药片光学纯度的新方法。D,L-多巴(D,L-dopa)用2,4-二硝基氯苯(CDNB)衍生,以β-环糊精(-βCD)为手性选择剂,在硼砂(pH 9.0)缓冲溶液中进行毛细管电泳手性分离。采用紫外检测,测定波长为220 nm。在测定条件下,对映体分离在9 m in内完成。L-dopa中D-dopa的含量在0.10%~2.0%范围内,与D-dopa的峰面积呈现良好的线性关系。在L-dopa中加入不同量的D-dopa,测得回收率在96%~102%之间,每个样品分别测定3次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.3%。方法用于市售左旋多巴药片的分析,测得左旋多巴药片中D-dopa的含量为0.20%。     

Ultranarrow bandwidth Faraday atomic filter approaching natural linewidth based on cold atoms

An ultranarrow bandwidth Faraday atomic filter is realized based on cold ~(87)Rb atoms. The atomic filter operates at 780 nm on the 5~2 S_(1/2), F = 2 to 5~2 P_(3/2), F'= 3 transition with a bandwidth of 7.1(8) MHz, which is approaching the natural linewidth of the transition. The peak transmission achieves 2.6(3)% by the multi-pass probe method. This atomic filter based on cold atoms may find potential applications in self-stabilizing lasers in the future.     

聚合物纳米孔隙增透膜制备工艺的研究

论述了聚合物纳米孔隙增透膜的制备工艺流程,分析了聚合物材料分子量、实验环境温度和湿度、溶剂挥发性等条件对纳米孔隙增透膜的影响。研究表明,聚合物材料分子量的增大、温度的降低、湿度的升高以及采用挥发性弱的溶剂都将导致增透膜孔隙尺寸的增大,孔隙越大其对光的散射损耗就会增大,所以增透膜的透过率就越低。通过大量的试验分析得出一组较理想的工艺参量:使用低分子量的聚合物材料(小于15 kg/mol),环境温度大于25℃、环境相对湿度小于30%,在采用低沸点的溶剂如四氢呋喃等措施下可有效降低增透膜散射损耗。     

基于光子数目比较的激光测距法

提出了一种新颖的激光测距方法。该方法避开了传统激光测距法中使用复杂辅助电子设备对脉冲计时或比较相位差的过程,而主要通过光学手段分析和提取待测距离信息,最终通过比较大量光子数目的方法求得待测距离。并利用单轴晶体的双折射和全内双反射性质,用特殊结构的单块LiNbO3晶体设计了实施该方法的主体装置。结果表明,该激光测距法同目前普遍使用的激光测距法相比,不但简化了结构,而且有很高的测距精度,从而为激光测距开拓了一种新的思路。     

Optimizing the quasi-equilibrium state of hot carriers in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals through Mn doping: fundamental dynamics and device perspectives

Hot carrier (HC) cooling accounts for the significant energy loss in lead halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells. Here, we study HC relaxation dynamics in Mn-doped LHP CsPbI₃ nanocrystals (NCs), combining transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We demonstrate that Mn²⁺ doping (1) enlarges the longitudinal optical (LO)–acoustic phonon bandgap, (2) enhances the electron–LO phonon coupling strength, and (3) adds HC relaxation pathways via Mn orbitals within the bands. The spectroscopic study shows that the HC cooling process is decelerated after doping under band-edge excitation due to the dominant phonon bandgap enlargement. When the excitation photon energy is larger than the optical bandgap and the Mn²⁺ transition gap, the doping accelerates the cooling rate owing to the dominant effect of enhanced carrier–phonon coupling and relaxation pathways. We demonstrate that such a phenomenon is optimal for the application of hot carrier solar cells. The enhanced electron–LO phonon coupling and accelerated cooling of high-temperature hot carriers efficiently establish a high-temperature thermal quasi-equilibrium where the excessive energy of the hot carriers is transferred to heat the cold carriers. On the other hand, the enlarged phononic band-gap prevents further cooling of such a quasi-equilibrium, which facilitates the energy conversion process. Our results manifest a straightforward methodology to optimize the HC dynamics for hot carrier solar cells by element doping.

Mn doping modulates the hot carrier dynamics in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals according to the excitation energy.     

Discovering Phase Field Models from Image Data with the Pseudo-Spectral Physics Informed Neural Networks

In this paper,we introduce a new deep learning framework for discovering the phase-field models from existing image data.The new framework embraces the approxim...     

The Biological Fate of Pharmaceutical Excipient β-Cyclodextrin: Pharmacokinetics,Tissue Distribution,Excretion, and Metabolism of β-Cyclodextrin in Rats

β-cyclodextrin has a unique annular hollow ultrastructure that allows encapsulation of various poorly water-soluble drugs in the resulting cavity, thereby increasing drug stability. As a bioactive molecule, the metabolism of β-cyclodextrin is mainly completed by the flora in the colon, which can interact with API. In this study, understanding the in vivo fate of β-cyclodextrin, a LC-MS/MS method was developed to facilitate simultaneous quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical excipient β-cyclodextrin and API dextromethorphan hydrobromide. The established method had been effectively used to study the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of β-cyclodextrin after oral administration in rats. Results showed that β-cyclodextrin was almost wholly removed from rat plasma within 36 h, and high concentrations of β-cyclodextrin distributed hastily to organs with increased blood flow velocities such as the spleen, liver, and kidney after administration. The excretion of intact β-cyclodextrin to urine and feces was lower than the administration dose. It can be speculated that β-cyclodextrin metabolized to maltodextrin, which was further metabolized, absorbed, and eventually discharged in the form of CO₂ and H₂O. Results proved that β-cyclodextrin, with relative low accumulation in the body, had good safety. The results will assist further study of the design and safety evaluation of adjuvant β-cyclodextrin and promote its clinical development.     

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins and Bamboo Leaf Flavonoids Improve the Quality of Bull Semen Cryopreservation

It is important to inhibit oxidative stress to maintain sperm motility during cryopreservation. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of supplementing oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) and bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) or their combination as an extender for Simmental bull semen freezing. OPC, BLF, or their combination were added to the frozen diluent of bovine semen. Afterwards, computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), detection of membrane functionality, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial integrity, CAT, SOD, GSH-PX, MDA, and ROS were conducted. The results showed that adding 50 mg/L OPC or 4 mg/L BLF could improve the quality of frozen sperm. Compared with 50 mg/L OPC alone, the combination of 50mg/L OPC and 2 mg/L BLF significantly increased the kinematic parameters of sperm, and sperm CAT, GSH-PX and SOD levels (p < 0.05), whereas the MDA of sperm was decreased (p < 0.05). These results indicated that compared to the addition of 50 mg/L OPC alone, a combination of 50 mg/L OPC and 2 mg/L BLF could further improve the quality of frozen semen. The results could provide theoretical data support for the development of a new protective agent and are significant for the cryopreservation of bovine semen in the future.