全文获取类型
收费全文 | 66252篇 |
免费 | 10664篇 |
国内免费 | 7515篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 47469篇 |
晶体学 | 786篇 |
力学 | 3735篇 |
综合类 | 490篇 |
数学 | 7489篇 |
物理学 | 24462篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 225篇 |
2023年 | 1369篇 |
2022年 | 2488篇 |
2021年 | 2657篇 |
2020年 | 2843篇 |
2019年 | 2749篇 |
2018年 | 2294篇 |
2017年 | 2166篇 |
2016年 | 3267篇 |
2015年 | 3309篇 |
2014年 | 3860篇 |
2013年 | 4882篇 |
2012年 | 5995篇 |
2011年 | 5900篇 |
2010年 | 4136篇 |
2009年 | 3871篇 |
2008年 | 4188篇 |
2007年 | 3717篇 |
2006年 | 3313篇 |
2005年 | 2888篇 |
2004年 | 2278篇 |
2003年 | 1913篇 |
2002年 | 1930篇 |
2001年 | 1619篇 |
2000年 | 1239篇 |
1999年 | 1360篇 |
1998年 | 1041篇 |
1997年 | 968篇 |
1996年 | 914篇 |
1995年 | 846篇 |
1994年 | 684篇 |
1993年 | 589篇 |
1992年 | 505篇 |
1991年 | 470篇 |
1990年 | 404篇 |
1989年 | 280篇 |
1988年 | 210篇 |
1987年 | 182篇 |
1986年 | 185篇 |
1985年 | 159篇 |
1984年 | 103篇 |
1983年 | 100篇 |
1982年 | 57篇 |
1981年 | 41篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1972年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
Xiao Huang Bishwa Ranjan Nayak Tao Lu Lowe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(20):5054-5066
A series of novel multifunctional hydrogels that combined the merits of both thermoresponsive and biodegradable polymeric materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogels were copolymeric networks composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as a thermoresponsive component, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic component, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic component. The chemical structures of the hydrogels were characterized by an attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) technique. The hydrogels were thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 32 °C, and their swelling properties strongly depended on temperature changes, the balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic components, and the degradation of the PLLA component. The degradation of the hydrogels caused by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds in the PLLA component was faster at 25 °C below the LCST than at 37 °C above the LCST, determined by the ATR–FTIR technique. Due to their multifunctional properties, the designed hydrogels show great potential for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5054–5066, 2004 相似文献
103.
Let φ be a normal function on [0,1) and A'(φ)(1
相似文献
104.
关于m—增生算子值域的某些定理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文给出几个关干扰动m—增生算子值域的定理,它们改进了文献[1,3,7]中相应的结果. 相似文献
105.
Based on the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique, a new method is proposed to deal with the problem of the strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate. Unlike the Kachanov method which neglects the interaction of the tractions of the non-uniform components, the tractions of the non-uniform components on the surfaces of cracks are considered through the alternating technique. The accuracy and efficiency of present method are validated by comparing the results of two collinear and two parallel overlapped open the cracks obtained by the present method with those of the exact solutions, the results of the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique. Applications of present method in solving sliding close crack problems and evaluating the plastic zones demonstrate the versatility of present method. 相似文献
106.
本利用一个凸函数的凸性,并结合Jensen加权不等式,导出一个含和、积、幂结构的新不等式,它包含了一些名不等式。 相似文献
107.
A method has been described for the determination of arsenic species (arsenite and arsenate) by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The experimental conditions that influence the fluorescence intensity and the reduction of arsenic were investigated and optimized, and the influences from foreign ions and their elimination were studied. The detection limit was found to be 79.7 ng L(-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of arsenic species in water leachate of traditional Chinese medicines with a recovery range of 91.1-109.5%. 相似文献
108.
Martin E. V. Pedersen Lars S. Rishøj Henrik Steffensen Sanshui Xiao Niels Asger Mortensen 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2007,39(10-11):903-911
Slow-light enhanced optical detection in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals is theoretically studied. Using a scattering-matrix approach and the Wigner–Smith delay time concept, we show that optical absorbance benefits both from slow-light phenomena as well as a high filling factor of the energy residing in the liquid. Utilizing strongly dispersive photonic crystal structures, we numerically demonstrate how liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals facilitate enhanced light–matter interactions, by potentially up to an order of magnitude. The proposed concept provides strong opportunities for improving existing miniaturized absorbance cells for optical detection in lab-on-a-chip systems. 相似文献
109.
Fengping Yu Junpo He Xiaojun Wang Guangzheng Gao Yuliang Yang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(17):4013-4025
A combination of nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization and living anionic polymerization was used to synthesize a series of well‐defined graft (co)polymers with “V‐shaped” and “Y‐shaped” branches. The polymer main chain is a copolymer of styrene and p‐chloromethylstyrene (PS‐co‐PCMS) prepared via nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization. The V‐shaped branches were prepared through coupling reaction of polystyrene macromonomer, carrying 1,1‐diphenylethylene terminus, with polystyryllithium or polyisoprenyllithium. The Y‐shaped branches were prepared throughfurther polymerization initiated by the V‐shaped anions. The obtained branches, carrying a living anion at the middle (V‐shaped) or at the end of the third segment (Y‐shaped), were coupled in situ with pendent benzyl chloride of PS‐co‐PCMS to form the target graft (co)polymers. The purified graft (co)polymers were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multiangle light scattering detector and a viscometer. The result shows that the viscosities and radii of gyration of the branched polymers are remarkably smaller than those of linear polystyrene. In addition, V‐shaped product adopts a more compact conformation in dilute solution than the Y‐shaped analogy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4013–4025, 2007 相似文献
110.
Zhi‐Yong Huang Jin‐Can Shen Zhi‐Xia Zhuang Xiao‐Ru Wang Frank S. C. Lee 《应用有机金属化学》2004,18(6):255-261
Cinnabar, as one of the most widely used mineral drugs in traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have prominent curative effects in clinical use for more than 2000 years. But the safety and toxicity of the drug has been under constant debate in clinic usage. Metallothionein (MT) contains about 30% of cysteine in the molecule, and plays an important detoxification role against heavy metals. In this study, it was used as a biomarker to assess mercurial accumulation in rats fed orally with cinnabar. After feeding rats with cinnabar by gastric gavage at different dosages and at different times, the distribution of heavy metals (including mercury, copper and zinc) and MT was investigated among rat tissues, including liver, kidney, heart, brain, testis and blood. Metals and MT determinations were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and a modified mercury saturation assay technique respectively. The results indicated that mercury was easily accumulated in the tissues of rats exposed to cinnabar, especially in kidney. For example: at a feeding dosage of 5 g kg?1 (bw) for 4 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 13, 8.7, 21.6 and 26 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively; and at 2.5 g kg?1 (bw) for 2 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 21, 2.1, 3 and 21 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively. In addition, mercury in kidney and liver of all cinnabar groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). A high positive correlation observed between MT concentrations and mercury levels in both liver and kidney (R2 = 0.9299, P < 0.02 for liver; R2 = 0.9923, P < 0.0008 for kidney) indicated that MT could be used as a biomarker for mercury in tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献