交联壳聚糖树脂吸附Co2+的机理研究

研究了甲醛、环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖 (AECTS) 对Co2 的吸附热力学行为,用FTIR、WXRD对吸附产物进行了结构表征,并研究了溶液中介质种类的不同对Co2 吸附量的影响.结果表明:AECTS主要以配位吸附和物理吸附形式吸附Co2 ;树脂与Co2 配位后,结晶度下降;AECTS对Co2 的吸附行为同时符合Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型;吸附为自发的、放热的熵减小过程;不同介质对树脂吸附Co2 的影响大小顺序为HCl>CdCl2>MgCl2>NaCl,前两者使吸附量减小,后两者使吸附量增加,作用机理相差较大.     

Highly Dispersed and Small‐Sized Nickel(II) Hydroxide Co‐Catalyst Prepared by Photodeposition for Hydrogen Production

Photodeposition has been widely used as a mild and efficient synthetic method to deposit co‐catalysts. It is also worth studying how to synthesize non‐noble metal photocatalysts with uniform dispersion. Different synthetic conditions in photodeposition have a certain influence on particle size distribution and photocatalytic activity. Therefore, we designed experiments to prepare the inexpensive composite photocatalyst Ni(OH)₂/g‐C₃N₄ by photodeposition. The Ni(OH)₂ co‐catalysts disperse uniformly with particle sizes of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of Ni(OH)₂/g‐C₃N₄ reached about 19 mmol g^?1 h^?1, with the Ni(OH)₂ deposition amount about 1.57 %. During 16 h stability testing, the rate of hydrogen production did not decrease significantly. The composite catalyst also revealed a good hydrogen production performance under sunlight. The Ni(OH)₂ co‐catalyst enhanced the separation ability of photogenerated carriers, which was proved by surface photovoltage and fluorescence analysis.     

Effect of energy dependent cross-section on flow velocity measurements with charge exchange spectroscopy in magnetized plasma

Charge exchange spectroscopy (CXS) is widely used to measure plasma flow velocity. Accurate measurement is heavily affected by energy dependent cross section between neutral atoms and impurity ions. One symmetric layout of poloidal CXS is applied on Large Helical Device. Correction velocity due to the cross section is exacted from total velocity when actual plasma flow velocity is acquired with the benefit of this layout. A linear relationship between correction velocity and ion temperature is observed. Abundant discharges with wide plasma conditions are investigated and the ratio of correction velocity to ion temperature with the same beam energy shows the normal distribution. The impact of beam energy on the ratio of correction velocity to ion temperature of the carbon system and the hydrogen system is discovered based upon the statistics. Effective emission coefficient (Q) from Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) is utilized to study the dependence of correction velocity on Q. The relationship in which the ratio of correction velocity to ion temperature increases linearly with the increasing normalized effective emission coefficient ((1/Q)dQ/dv) is observed. Experimental (1/Q)dQ/dv is obtained according to this observation, and comparison with different fractions of n?=?2 excited state is also discussed. The influence of different receivers (carbon and hydrogen) is also presented. The experimental (1/Q)dQ/dv from the carbon system decreases with beam energy decreasing when beam energy is less than 30 keV/amu. This tendency of (1/Q)dQ/dv at low beam energy indicates the existence of the contribution of n?=?2 excited state donors to the cross section.     

Controllable wave propagation in a weakly nonlinear monoatomic lattice chain with nonlocal interaction and active control

The one-dimensional monoatomic lattice chain connected by nonlinear springs is investigated, and the asymptotic solution is obtained through the Lindstedt-Poincar′e perturbation method. The dispersion relation is derived with the consideration of both the nonlocal and the active control effects. The numerical results show that the nonlocal effect can effectively enhance the frequency in the middle part of the dispersion curve.When the nonlocal effect is strong enough, zero and negative group velocities will be evoked at different points along the dispersion curve, which will provide different ways of transporting energy including the forward-propagation, localization, and backwardpropagation of wavepackets related to the phase velocity. Both the nonlinear effect and the active control can enhance the frequency, but neither of them is able to produce zero or negative group velocities. Specifically, the active control enhances the frequency of the dispersion curve including the point at which the reduced wave number equals zero, and therefore gives birth to a nonzero cutoff frequency and a band gap in the low frequency range. With a combinational adjustment of all these effects, the wave propagation behaviors can be comprehensively controlled, and energy transferring can be readily manipulated in various ways.     

超声辅助提取-固相萃取土壤中头孢菌素C的高效液相色谱法定量检测

建立了一种采用超声辅助提取(UAE)、强阴离子交换固相萃取(SAX-SPE)净化、高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定土壤中残留头孢菌素C(CPC)简单、快速方法。 样品以超纯水为提取剂,超声辅助提取,SPE柱子以3 mL甲醇和3 mL水活化,采用5 mL的10%甲醇水溶液作为淋洗液,2 mL的5%甲酸水溶液/甲醇溶液(体积比50：50)进行洗脱,高效液相色谱紫外检测器(HPLC-PDA)测定,检测波长λ=254 nm,柱温30 ℃ ,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液/甲醇溶液(体积比95：5)对土壤中不同加标浓度的CPC进行检测,方法的回收率在77.9%~98.9%,标准偏差范围为5.0%~6.3%(n=5),方法检出限(LOD)为340.4 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为1126.8 μg/kg。 同时采用此方法检测分析新疆某药厂附近阳性土壤样品,不同批次土壤样品结果分别为:检出(低于定量限)、1532.1 μg/kg。     

Adsorption Activity and Molecular Dynamics Study on Anti-corrosion Mechanism of Q235 Steel

The correlation between inhibition efficiency and molecular structures of the inhibitor during hydrochloric acid corrosion of Q235 steel was studied by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics(MD) simulation. The proton affinity(PA) calculations demonstrated that 2-(quinolin-2-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one inhibitor has the tendency to be protonated in hydrochloric acid, which was in good agreement with experimental observations. Besides, quantum chemical parameters revealed that the protonated corrosion inhibitor molecules were more easily adsorbed on Q235 steel surface and improved the corrosion resistance of steel. MD simulations were implemented to search for the adsorption behavior of this molecule on Fe (110) surface, which might be used as a convenient tool for estimating the interaction mechanism between inhibitor and iron surface.     

Experimental study on flow control of the turbulent boundary layer with micro-bubbles

The effect of micro-bubbles on the turbulent boundary layer in the channel flow with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from \(0.87\times 10 ^{5}\) to \(1.23\times 10^{5}\) is experimentally studied by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The micro-bubbles are produced by water electrolysis. The velocity profiles, Reynolds stress and instantaneous structures of the boundary layer, with and without micro-bubbles, are measured and analyzed. The presence of micro-bubbles changes the streamwise mean velocity of the fluid and increases the wall shear stress. The results show that micro-bubbles have two effects, buoyancy and extrusion, which dominate the flow behavior of the mixed fluid in the turbulent boundary layer. The buoyancy effect leads to upward motion that drives the fluid motion in the same direction and, therefore, enhances the turbulence intense of the boundary layer. While for the extrusion effect, the presence of accumulated micro-bubbles pushes the flow structures in the turbulent boundary layer away from the near-wall region. The interaction between these two effects causes the vorticity structures and turbulence activity to be in the region far away from the wall. The buoyancy effect is dominant when the Re is relatively small, while the extrusion effect plays a more important role when Re rises.     

Hybrid continuum–coarse-grained modeling of erythrocytes

The red blood cell (RBC) membrane is a composite structure, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer and an underlying membrane-associated cytoskeleton. Both continuum and particle-based coarse-grained RBC models make use of a set of vertices connected by edges to represent the RBC membrane, which can be seen as a triangular surface mesh for the former and a spring network for the latter. Here, we present a modeling approach combining an existing continuum vesicle model with a coarse-grained model for the cytoskeleton. Compared to other two-component approaches, our method relies on only one mesh, representing the cytoskeleton, whose velocity in the tangential direction of the membrane may be different from that of the lipid bilayer. The finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) spring force law in combination with a repulsive force defined as a power function (POW), called FENE–POW, is used to describe the elastic properties of the RBC membrane. The mechanical interaction between the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton is explicitly computed and incorporated into the vesicle model. Our model includes the fundamental mechanical properties of the RBC membrane, namely fluidity and bending rigidity of the lipid bilayer, and shear elasticity of the cytoskeleton while maintaining surface-area and volume conservation constraint. We present three simulation examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of this hybrid continuum–coarse-grained model for the study of RBCs in fluid flows.     

Preparation and characterization of copper nanoparticles surface‐capped by alkanethiols

Cu nanoparticles surface‐capped by alkanethiols were synthesized using ligand exchange method in a two‐phase system. The effects of synthetic conditions, including the pH value of CuSO₄ solution, the ratio of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide to CuSO₄, and reaction temperature, on the size and shape of as‐synthesized Cu nanoparticles were investigated. As‐synthesized Cu nanoparticles surface‐capped by alkanethiols with different chain lengths (C_xS‐Cu) were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and ultraviolet–visible light spectrometry. The tribological behavior of C_xS‐Cu as an additive in liquid paraffin was evaluated with a four‐ball machine. Results indicate that cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide plays an important role in controlling the dispersion of Cu nanoparticles before adding modifier octanethiol into the reaction solution. C_xS‐Cu nanoparticles as additive in liquid paraffin possess excellent antiwear and friction‐reduction performance because of the deposition of nano‐Cu with low melting point on worn steel surface leading to the formation of a self‐repairing protective layer thereon. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A simple proof for persistence of snap-back repellers

In this article, we show that if f has a snap-back repeller then any small C¹ perturbation of f has a snap-back repeller, and hence has Li-Yorke chaos and positive topological entropy, by simply using the implicit function theorem. We also give some examples.