电磁感应加热与原子荧光光谱联用测定海产品中的无机汞和有机汞

研制了电磁感应加热装置和磁感应加热柱,并将其应用于有机汞的在线氧化。与冷蒸汽发生-原子荧光光谱法联用,在线测定了海产品中的无机汞和有机汞。样品溶液与K2S2O8在线混合后流经磁感应加热柱,在较低功率(15W)时快速升温将有机汞氧化为无机汞,测定总汞含量;加热柱为室温时,测定无机汞含量,二者之差为有机汞。对各种实验参数和干扰情况进行了详细研究。无机汞的检出限为0.036μg/L;样品分析精密度(RSD)为2.4%(n=11);有机汞的检出限为0.043μg/L,样品分析精密度(RSD)为3.6%(n=11)。     

Influence of N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkyl terephthalamide on isothermal crystallization kinetics and morphology evolution of polypropylene

The influence of N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkyl terephthalamide (TATA) on the isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that TATA shows a heterogeneous nucleation effect and leads to the formation of β-PP. TATA can not only shorten the crystallization time but also heighten the crystallization temperature of PP. The crystallization rate constant of PP containing TATA is larger than that of pure PP. The evolution of crystalline morphology of PP was investigated on a polarized optical microscopy (POM) equipped with a hot stage and the results showed that the introduction of TATA into PP can quicken the crystallization of PP, which is consistent with DSC results. TATA also leads to a substantial decrease in the spherulite size of PP and the boundaries of spherulites are hardly distinguished.     

A homogeneous and “off–on” fluorescence aptamer-based assay for chloramphenicol using vesicle quantum dot-gold colloid composite probes

In this work, a novel homogeneous and signal “off–on” aptamer based fluorescence assay was successfully developed to detect chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in food based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The vesicle nanotracer was prepared through labeling single stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) on limposome-CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (SSB/L-QD) complexes. It was worth mentioning that the signal tracer (SSB/L-QD) with vesicle shape, which was fabricated being encapsulated with a number of quantum dots and SSB. The nanotracer has excellent signal amplification effects. The vesicle composite probe was formed by combining aptamer labeled nano-gold (Au-Apt) and SSB/L-QD. Which based on SSB's specific affinity towards aptamer. This probe can't emit fluoresce which is in “off” state because the signal from SSB/L-QD as donor can be quenched by the Au-aptas acceptor. When CAP was added in the composite probe solution, the aptamer on the Au-Apt can be preferentially bounded with CAP then release from the composite probe, which can turn the “off” signal of SSB/L-QD tracer into “on” state. The assay indicates excellent linear response to CAP from 0.001 nM to 10 nM and detection limit down to 0.3 pM. The vesicle probes with size of 88 nm have strong signal amplification. Because a larger number of QDs can be labeled inside the double phosphorus lipid membrane. Besides, it was employed to detect CAP residues in the milk samples with results being agreed well with those from ELISA, verifying its accuracy and reliability.     

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters with Interlocked Staples and a Fully Thiolate‐Bound Kernel

The structural features that render gold nanoclusters intrinsically fluorescent are currently not well understood. To address this issue, highly fluorescent gold nanoclusters have to be synthesized, and their structures must be determined. We herein report the synthesis of three fluorescent Au₂₄(SR)₂₀ nanoclusters (R=C₂H₄Ph, CH₂Ph, or CH₂C₆H₄^tBu). According to UV/Vis/NIR, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis, these three nanoclusters adopt similar structures that feature a bi‐tetrahedral Au₈ kernel protected by four tetrameric Au₄(SR)₅ motifs. At least two structural features are responsible for the unusual fluorescence of the Au₂₄(SR)₂₀ nanoclusters: Two pairs of interlocked Au₄(SR)₅ staples reduce the vibration loss, and the interactions between the kernel and the thiolate motifs enhance electron transfer from the ligand to the kernel moiety through the Au?S bonds, thereby enhancing the fluorescence. This work provides some clarification of the structure–fluorescence relationship of such clusters.     

Subtle structure tailoring of metal-free triazine luminogens for highly efficient ultralong organic phosphorescence

Highly efficient ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) based on a series of metal-free triazine luminogens was achieved via subtly structural tailoring of bromine substituted positions.Impressively,p-BrAT in solid state displayed high phosphorescence efficiency up to 9.7% with a long lifetime of 386 ms,which was one of the highest efficient UOP materials reported so far in metal-free compounds.     

希土与芳香胺及其氮氧化物形成配合物的研究 X.镧系元素高氯酸盐与2,2''-二喹啉甲烷固态配合物的合成及性质

本文报道了除钜以外的镧系元素高氯酸盐与2,2′-二喹啉甲烷(Biqm)所形成的新型固体配合物Ln(Biqm)₂(ClO₄)₃·nH₂O(n=0～4)的合成方法,以及通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热-热重分析、X射线物相分析和电导测定等手段,对配合物的组成和性质所进行的研究结果,推测该类配合物的结构式为:[Ln(Biqm)₂ClO₄]·(ClO₄)₂·nH₂O。     

二水合二氯化-氯四水二(2,2''-联吡啶-N,N''-二氧化物)合钕(Ⅲ)的合成、表征与结构

在无水乙醇中合成出2,2′-联吡啶-N,N′-二氧化物与氯化钕形成的配合物单晶Nd(bipyO₂)₂Cl₃·6H₂O.通过元素分析、红外光谱、差热、热重分析等对该晶体进行了组成及性质鉴定.X射线结构分析表明、该配合物晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为C_2/C.晶胞参数a=17.456Å,b=7.491Å,c=21.078Å,α=γ=90°,β=100.66°,V=2708.9ų.Nd³⁺离子与两个bipyO₂,四个H₂O分子和一个Cl^-离子形成配位数为九的配阳离子,其中Nd-O(bipyO₂)平均键长为2.511A,Nd-O(H₂O)平均键长为2.500Å,Nd-Cl键长为2.899Å。     

Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of four phenol compounds in rat plasma by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after oral administration of Echinacea purpurea extract

A rapid and sensitive assay based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, and caffeic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Echinacea purpurea extract using butylparaben as the internal standard. Samples were pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The separations for analytes were performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS C₁₈ column (1.8 μm 2.1 × 100 mm) using a gradient elution program with acetonitrile/10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.6) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The analytes were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization. The lower limit of quantification of each analyte was not higher than 10.85 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of the intraday and interday precisions was less than 14.69%. The relative errors of accuracies were in the range of –13.80 to 14.91%. The mean recoveries for extraction recovery and matrix effect were higher than 80.79 and 89.98%, respectively. The method validation results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive, specific, and reliable, which was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of four components after oral administration of Echinacea purpurea extract.     

Environmentally friendly solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of biogenic amines in fish samples

In this work, a facile and environmentally friendly solid‐phase microextraction assay based on on‐fiber derivatization coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed for determining four nonvolatile index biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine) in fish samples. In the assay, the fiber was firstly dipped into a solution with isobutyl chloroformate as derivatization reagent and isooctane as extraction solvent. Thus, a thin organic liquid membrane coating was developed. Then the modified fiber was immersed into sample solution to extract four important bioamines. Afterwards, the fiber was directly inserted into gas chromatography injection port for thermal desorption. 1,7‐Diaminoheptane was employed as internal standard reagent for quantification of the targets. The limits of detection of the method were 2.98–45.3 μg/kg. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of bioamines in several fish samples with recoveries ranging 78.9–110%. The organic reagent used for extraction was as few as microliter that can greatly reduce the harm to manipulator and environment. Moreover, the extraction procedures were very simple without concentration and elution procedures, which can greatly simplify the pretreatment process. The assay can be extended to the in situ screening of other pollutant in food safety by changing the derivatization reagent.