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41.
A network with its arc lengths as imprecise number, instead of a real number, namely, interval number and triangular fuzzy
number is considered here. Existing ideas on addition and comparison between two imprecise numbers of same type are introduced.
To obtain a fuzzy shortest path from a source vertex to all other vertices, a common algorithm is developed which works well
on both types of imprecise numbers under consideration. In the proposed algorithm, a decision-maker is to negotiate with the
obtained fuzzy shortest paths according to his/her view only when the means are same but the widths are different of the obtained
paths. Otherwise, a fuzzy optimal path is obtained to which the decision-maker always satisfies with different grades of satisfaction.
All pairs fuzzy shortest paths can be found by repeated use of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
42.
To evaluate the functional difference of the pars recta and pars oblique during speech production, the electromyographic activities of these muscles were measured in thyroidectomized patients. The hooked wire electrodes were inserted into the normal side of the bellies of the pars recta and pars oblique bundles. Two kinds of sentences were used to obtain pitch changes, a simple interrogative sentence and a complex sentence with stress contrasts. The pars recta and pars oblique were simultaneously activated for initial lengthening and tensing of vocal folds to produce speech. The pars oblique might be initially more active than the pars recta at the initial task of speech and the pars recta might be more active at the pitch elevation in the interrogative sentence and the stress contrast of the complex sentence. The maximum electromyographic activity range of the pars recta and pars oblique seemed to be nearly equal. These results demonstrated that the patterns of electrical activities of the two bellies are different during speech and the combined activities of the pars recta and pars oblique are important in the adjustment of the vocal fold length during speech. 相似文献
43.
Redox reaction between 6-acetonylisoxanthopterin (H2pte) and [MoVIO2 (ssp)] [ssp = anion of 2-(salicylideneamino) benzenethiol] in CH3OH-C2H5OH medium produces a new mixed ligand compound [MoIV (ssp) (Hpte) (OCH3)] (1). It has been characterized by elemental analysis, ESMS data, UV-Vis, IR,1HNMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Kinetics of formation of this compound as well as that of its reaction
with pyridine N-oxide have been followed spectrophotometrically. Both the reactions follow substrate saturation kinetics and
involve metal-centred oxygen atom transfer process. Large negative values of entropy of activation indicate the operation
of associative mechanism. 相似文献
44.
45.
46.
Steven Bielamowicz MD Sheila V. Stager Andrea Badillo Alexis Godlewski 《Journal of voice》2002,16(1):117-123
Both unilateral and bilateral thyroarytenoid muscle injections of Botox provide effective management of voice symptoms in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia; however, the preferred injection technique has not been established. In this study, 16 patients were treated with unilateral injections (72 injections total) and 33 patients were managed with bilateral injections (133 injections total). Individual assignments to injection type were based on treatment previously received and dose was adjusted according to the patient's previous treatment response. An optimal treatment included a benefit lasting 3 months or more with side effects lasting 2 weeks or less. Compared to patients receiving bilateral injections, those receiving unilateral injections more frequently noted a benefit of 3 months or more (p = 0.03), side effects of 2 weeks or less duration (p = 0.03), as well as both a 3-month benefit and a 2-week or less side effect (p = 0.0004). Injection type had no effect on optimal Botox dosing with repeat injections. Successive unilateral injections at the same dose were more likely (p = 0.012) than successive bilateral injections to produce the same or longer duration of benefit. We conclude that a unilateral injection routine has a more optimal and consistent treatment effect/side effect profile. 相似文献
47.
Yolanda D. Heman-Ackah MD Deirdre D. Michael George S. Goding Jr. 《Journal of voice》2002,16(1):20-27
Traditional measures of dysphonia vary in their reliability and in their correlations with perceptions of grade. Measurements of cepstral peak prominence (CPP) have been shown to correlate well with perceptions of breathiness. Because it is a measure of periodicity, CPP should also predict roughness. The ability of CPP and other acoustic measures to predict overall dysphonia and the subcategories of breathiness and roughness in pathological voice samples is explored. Preoperative and postoperative speech samples from 19 patients with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis who underwent operative intervention were analyzed by trained listeners and by measures of smoothed CPP (CPPS), noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ), relative average perturbation (RAP), and smoothed pitch perturbation quotient (sPPQ). The data were analyzed with bivariate Pearson correlation statistics. Grade of dysphonia and breathiness ratings correlated better with measurements of CPPS than with the other measures. CPPS from samples of connected speech (CPPS-s) best predicted overall dysphonia. None of the measures were useful in predicting roughness. 相似文献
48.
Jane Yang Nicole Maronian Victoria Reyes Pat Waugh Teresa Brentnall Allen Hillel MD 《Journal of voice》2002,16(2):278-282
Laryngeal and other otolaryngologic manifestations of Crohn's disease are uncommon and may be subtle. Crohn's disease is a well-known inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology marked by relapsing and remitting granulomatous inflammation of the alimentary tract. Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease may appear anytime during the course of the disease process and may be the initial symptom. Findings are nonspecific, primarily edema and ulcerations, and may be confused with a multitude of other disease processes. Awareness of these manifestations in the head and neck will prevent misdiagnosis or a delay in diagnosis. 相似文献
49.
Kyung Sook Kim MD. Shakilur Rahman Manwoo Lee Guinyun Kim Pham Duc Khue Nguyen Van Do Moo-Hyun Cho In Soo Ko Won Namkung H. Naik Tae-Ik Ro 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(3):869-877
We measured the isomeric yield ratios for the photonuclear reactions of 93Nb(??,4n)89m,gNb and natMo(??,xnp)95m,gNb by using the activation method. The high-purity 93Nb and natMo metallic foils in disc shape were irradiated with uncollimated bremsstrahlung beams of 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV generated from an electron linear accelerator in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The induced activities in the irradiated foils were measured by the high-resolution ??-ray spectrometry with a calibrated high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a PC-based 4?K multichannel analyzer. The reaction 93Nb(??,4n)89m,gNb was studied for the first time which has no comparable literature data. The result of 95m,gNb isomeric pair was measured based on (??,p), (??,np), and (??,2np) reactions which is the first measurement at the intermediate energy region of 50?C70-MeV with a natMo target. 相似文献
50.
Biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA, hyaluronan) gel implants have altered the therapeutic landscape of surgery and medicine, fostering an array of innovative products that include viscosurgical aids, synovial supplements, and drug-eluting nanomaterials. However, it is perhaps the explosive growth in the cosmetic applications of injectable dermal fillers that has captured the brightest spotlight, emerging as the dominant modality in plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine. The popularity surge with which injectable HA fillers have risen to in vogue status has also brought a concomitant increase in the incidence of once-rare iatrogenic vaso-occlusive injuries ranging from disfiguring facial skin necrosis to disabling neuro-ophthalmological sequelae. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of these injuries has evolved, supplemented by more than a century of astute observations, the formulation of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies has permitted the amelioration of this burdensome complication. In this special issue article, we review the relevant mechanisms underlying HA filler-induced vascular occlusion (FIVO), with particular emphasis on the rheo-mechanical aspects of vascular blockade; the thromboembolic potential of HA mixtures; and the tissue-specific ischemic susceptibility of microvascular networks, which leads to underperfusion, hypoxia, and ultimate injury. In addition, recent therapeutic advances and novel considerations on the prevention and management of muco-cutaneous and neuro-ophthalmological complications are examined. 相似文献