CdS/CdSe/TiO2多级空心微球光阳极中量子点覆盖度的提高

TiO₂多级空心微球(THHSs)具有高的比表面积、强的光散射效应以及良好的电子传输性质,以此作为光阳极材料,可以显著提升CdS/CdSe敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs)的性能。但基于化学浴沉积方法获得的这一类电池中量子点在光阳极表面的覆盖度通常不高(50%左右),本文发展了一种基于表面选择性吸附原理的多步沉积方法,选取特定分子(正十二硫醇)限制已有量子点的生长,通过二次沉积成功提高了CdS/CdSe在TiO₂多级空壳微球表面的覆盖度。使用此方法最终得到高达85.4%的覆盖度。结果表明,量子点覆盖度的增加有效提高了电池对太阳光的利用率,使得光电流获得了明显的增加。同时,二氧化钛空白表面积的减小还可以抑制电子和空穴的复合。优化后的电池光电流密度为15.69 mA·cm^-2,填充因子为0.583,电压为0.605 V,最高光电转换效率为5.30%。     

Double-distance propagation of Gaussian beams passing through a tilted cat-eye optical lens in a turbulent atmosphere

By using the extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and the method of expanding the aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, an approximate analytical formula of the double-distance propagation for Gaussian beam passing through a tilted cat-eye optical lens and going back along the entrance way in a turbulent atmosphere has been derived. Through numerical calculation, the effects of incidence angle, propagation distance, and structure constant on the propagation properties of a Gaussian beam in a turbulent atmosphere are studied. It is found that the incidence angle creates an unsymmetrical average intensity distribution pattern, while the propagation distance and the structure constant can each create a smooth and symmetrical average intensity distribution pattern. The average intensity peak gradually deviates from the centre, and the central average intensity value decreases quickly with the increase in incidence angle, while a larger structure constant can bring the average intensity peak back to the centre.     

Determination of residues of 446 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by three-cartridge solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A method was developed for determination of residues of 446 pesticides in fruits and vegetables through the use of cleanup by a 3-cartridge solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Fruit and vegetable samples (20 g) were extracted with 40 mL acetonitrile, salted out, and centrifuged. Half of the supernatant was passed into an Envi-18 cartridge, eluted with acetonitrile, and cleaned up with Envi-Carb and aminopropyl Sep-Pak cartridges in series after concentration of the eluates. Pesticides were eluted with acetonitrile-toluene (3 + 1, v/v), and eluates were concentrated to 0.5 mL and then added into internal standards after solvent exchange with 2 mL hexane and used for determination of 383 pesticides by GC/MS. The other half of the supernatant was concentrated to 1 mL and cleaned up with Envi-Carb and aminopropyl Sep-Pak cartridges in series. Pesticides were eluted with acetonitrile-toluene (3 + 1, v/v), and the eluates were concentrated to 0.5 mL, dried with nitrogen gas, diluted to 1.0 mL with acetonitrile-water (3 + 2, v/v), and used for determination of 63 pesticides by LC/MS/MS. The limit of detection for the method was 0.2-600 ng/g depending on the individual pesticide. In the method, fortification recovery tests at high, medium, and low levels were conducted on 6 varieties of fruits and vegetables, i.e., apples, oranges, grapes, cabbage, tomatoes, and celery, with average recoveries falling within the range of 55.0-133.8% for 446 pesticides, among which average recoveries between 60.0-120.0% accounted for 99% of the results. The relative standard deviation was between 2.1-39.1%, of which a relative standard deviation of 2.1-25.0% made up 96% of the results. Experiments proved that the method was applicable for determination of residues of 446 pesticides in fruit and vegetables.     

电偶极子在磁各向异性介质中的辐射功率

在经典电动力学框架下对磁各向异性介质中的电磁辐射问题进行研究, 得到了电偶极子在磁各向异性介质中的辐射功率表达式. 当介质为磁各向同性时其结果与文献报道的结果相符合, 验证了推导结果的正确性. 利用本文结果可对电偶极子在磁各向异性介质中的辐射效果做出判断, 而且对于进一步研究磁各向异性介质的电磁特性、更有效地开发利用磁各向异性介质具有实际意义.     

不同形貌ZnSe的制备及光电化学性能

采用水热法制备了ZnSe纳米棒和微球, 用XRD, TGA-DTA和SEM等技术对其进行了表征, 提出了解释ZnSe微球的形成新机理. 研究结果表明, 纳米棒直径为50~100 nm, 棒长约为200~300 nm, ZnSe微球直径为3~10 μm.; 纳米棒在反应温度为240 ℃时具有闪锌矿和纤维锌矿型混晶结构, 微球在反应温度为210 ℃时具有闪锌矿结构; 将ZnSe纳米棒和微球均匀地涂在导电玻璃的导电面上, 于380 ℃煅烧40 min后制成膜电极, 并进行了光电化学研究, 纳米棒膜结构电极最高单色光的光电转换效率(IPCE)可达到9.09%.