Logical Entropy of Information Sources

In this paper, we present the concept of the logical entropy of order m, logical mutual information, and the logical entropy for information sources. We found upper and lower bounds for the logical entropy of a random variable by using convex functions. We show that the logical entropy of the joint distributions X1 and X2 is always less than the sum of the logical entropy of the variables X1 and X2. We define the logical Shannon entropy and logical metric permutation entropy to an information system and examine the properties of this kind of entropy. Finally, we examine the amount of the logical metric entropy and permutation logical entropy for maps.     

Physical vapor deposition of SnS:PbS-dithiocarbamate chalcogenide semiconductor thin films: elucidation of optoelectronic and electrochemical features

Abstract

This work reports the first investigation on the physical vapor deposition of thin films of tin sulfide doped lead sulfide (SnS:PbS). In-situ synthesis route using diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) ligand was adopted for SnS-DTC, PbS-DTC and SnS:PbS-DTC complex formation. PbS-DTC and SnS:PbS-DTC expressed an average crystallite size of 30.98 and 29.74?nm, respectively shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A face centered cubic geometry was revealed from XRD. Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry expressed a direct and indirect band gap of 3.4 and 3.2?eV, respectively for SnS:PbS-DTC. A smooth morphology with presence of larger agglomerated particles was disclosed by scanning electron microscopy for SnS:PbS-DTC thin films with 615?nm thickness. SnS:PbS-DTC thin films expressed remarkable electrochemical behavior explored via cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry showing an improvement in the photo-current response upon potential bias increment. The results of the current research indicated the potential of SnS:PbS-DTC thin films for utilization in different types of photovoltaic devices.     

Harmonic Mode-Locked Er-Doped Fiber Laser by Evanescent Field-Based MXene Ti3C2Tx (T = F,O, or OH) Saturable Absorber

MXenes, as a legendary family of 2D van der Waals nanosheets materials, are extensively studied due to their unique characteristics of broadband nonlinear optical response. In particular, MXenes have excellent nonlinear optical properties of very large nonlinear absorption coefficients and very large nonlinear refractive indexes, which have attracted people's great attentions to study the application of MXenes in photonics, electronics, and optoelectronics in recent years. However, the high-repetition-rate (HRR) ultrafast pulses are not explored based on these kinds of materials. MXene Ti₃C₂T_x saturable absorber (SA) based on micro-fiber is fabricated by optical deposition method. Here, MXene Ti₃C₂T_x SA is used to achieve 36th harmonic mode-locking with a repetition rate of 218.4 MHz, a central wavelength of 1566.9 nm, the pulse width of 850 fs, and the spectral width of 3.51 nm. The maximum average output power and pulse energy are 6.95 mW and 0.032 nJ, respectively. This research based on MXene Ti₃C₂T_x light modulator opens a bright avenue for advanced nonlinear photonics.     

n一Si霍耳样品的制备及其性能参数测试

本文介绍ｎ－Ｓｉ霍耳样品的制备及其主要性能参数的测试原理与测试方法，并给出部分测试结果。     

MicroRNA-499a-5p Promotes Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes

Since the adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity, cardiac trauma, disease, and aging cause permanent loss of contractile tissue. This has fueled the development of stem cell-based strategies to provide the damaged heart with new cardiomyocytes. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into cardiomyocytes, albeit inefficiently. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs that have the potential to control stem cell fate decisions and are employed in cardiac regeneration and repair. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of miR-499a induces cardiomyogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs. Human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) were transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding miR-499a-3p or miR-499a-5p and analyzed by immunostaining and western blotting methods 14 days post-transduction. MiR-499a-5p-transduced cells adopted a polygonal/rod-shaped (myocyte-like) phenotype and showed an increase in the expression of the cardiomyocyte markers α-actinin and cTnI, as cardiogenic differentiation markers. These results indicate that miR-499a-5p overexpression promotes the cardiomyogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may thereby increase their therapeutic efficiency in cardiac regeneration.     

Localizing Antifungal Drugs to the Correct Organelle Can Markedly Enhance their Efficacy

A critical aspect of drug design is optimal target inhibition by specifically delivering the drug molecule not only to the target tissue or cell but also to its therapeutically active site within the cell. This study demonstrates, as a proof of principle, that drug efficacy can be increased considerably by a structural modification that targets it to the relevant organelle. Specifically, by varying the fluorescent dye segment an antifungal azole was directed from the fungal cell mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the organelle that harbors the drug target. The ER‐localized azole displayed up to two orders of magnitude improved antifungal activity and also dramatically reduced the growth of drug‐tolerant fungal subpopulations in a panel of Candida species, which are the most prevalent causes of serious human fungal infections. The principle underlying the “target organelle localization” approach provides a new paradigm to improve drug potency and replenish the limited pipeline of antifungal drugs.     

Protonation and deprotonation of hydroxamic acids. An MO ab initio study

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations with 4-31G//4-31G, 6-31G^*//4-31G and 6-31+G//4-31G basis sets have been used to examine the structure, relative energy, protonation and deprotonation of a series of seven hydroxamic acids in the gas phase. The results show that hydroxamic acids are predominantly in the E-TS form and that the most probable protonation site is the carbonyl oxygen atom, while deprotonation proceeds by loss of NH hydrogen.     

Supramolecular Vesicles Based on Water‐Soluble 2,6‐Helic[6]arene: High Affinity Binding,Stimuli Responsiveness and Delivery of Doxorubicin to Cancer Cells

Water‐soluble 2,6‐helic[6]arene was used to construct supramolecular vesicles via host‐guest interaction. Water‐soluble 2,6‐helic[6]arene was discovered to be high affinity host for suitable biomarkers. Supramolecular vesicles were responsive to multiple stimuli types, including temperature, pH, Ca²⁺, CO₂ bubbling and biomarker displacement. Supramolecular vesicles were used to load and deliver anti‐ tumor drug doxorubicin to HeLa cells in vitro.     

Alkyl-chain branched effect on the aggregation and photophysical behavior of polydiarylfluorenes toward stable deep-blue electroluminescence and efficient amplified spontaneous emission

Robust branched polydiarylfluorenes are constructed forstable deep-blue electroluminescence and efficient amplified spontaneous emission.     

稀土对表面组装用Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE钎料合金组织与性能的影响

对真空条件下制备的Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE钎料合金显微组织、力学及物理性能进行了研究。结果表明:当稀土(RE)的添加量小于0.1%(质量分数)时,RE均匀地分布在钎料合金中,除铺展面积和延伸率与Sn37Pb钎料相当外,Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE钎料合金的拉伸强度和导电性能均高于传统的Sn37Pb钎料;当RE添加量达到0.5%时,钎料合金中出现了明显的梅花状和点状RE化合相且弥散分布于晶界和相界附近,且拉伸强度、延伸率和铺展面积都出现了不同程度的下降。从综合性能和制造成本考虑,真空条件下制备Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE钎料合金,RE的添加量应不大于0.1%。