In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization

Present research was planned to assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. methanolic (CTME) and aqueous (CTAQ) extracts. Chemical characterization was done by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) was injected in left hind paw of rat at day 1 and dosing at 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg was started on the 8th day via oral gavage in all groups except normal and disease control rats (which were given distilled water), whereas methotrexate (intraperitoneal; 1 mg/kg/mL) was administered to standard control. The CTME and CTAQ exerted significant (p < 0.01–0.0001) in vitro anti-arthritic action. Both extracts notably reduced paw edema, and restored weight loss, immune organs weight, arthritic score, RBCs, ESR, platelet count, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and WBCs in treated rats. The plant extracts showed significant (p < 0.05–0.0001) downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6, -1β, NF-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2, while notably upregulated IL-4, IL-10, I-κBα in contrast to disease control rats. The plant extracts noticeably (p < 0.001–0.0001) restored the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and MDA levels in treated rats. Both extracts exhibited significant anti-arthritic potential. The promising potential was exhibited by both extracts probably due to phenolic, and flavonoids compounds.     

Green Tea Catechins Attenuate Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cognitive Deficits

Neurodegenerative diseases exert an overwhelming socioeconomic burden all around the globe. They are mainly characterized by modified protein accumulation that might trigger various biological responses, including oxidative stress, inflammation, regulation of signaling pathways, and excitotoxicity. These disorders have been widely studied during the last decade in the hopes of developing symptom-oriented therapeutics. However, no definitive cure has yet been discovered. Tea is one of the world’s most popular beverages. The same plant, Camellia Sinensis (L.).O. Kuntze, is used to make green, black, and oolong teas. Green tea has been most thoroughly studied because of its anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The beneficial effect of consumption of tea on neurodegenerative disorders has been reported in several human interventional and observational studies. The polyphenolic compounds found in green tea, known as catechins, have been demonstrated to have many therapeutic effects. They can help in preventing and, somehow, treating neurodegenerative diseases. Catechins show anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant effects via blocking cytokines’ excessive production and inflammatory pathways, as well as chelating metal ions and free radical scavenging. They may inhibit tau protein phosphorylation, amyloid beta aggregation, and release of apoptotic proteins. They can also lower alpha-synuclein levels and boost dopamine levels. All these factors have the potential to affect neurodegenerative disorders. This review will examine catechins’ neuroprotective effects by highlighting their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant, and metal chelation abilities, with a focus on their ability to activate diverse cellular pathways in the brain. This review also points out the mechanisms of catechins in various neurodegenerative and cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, and cognitive deficit.     

Ion-beam mixing in Fe/Si bilayers by singly and highly charged ions: evolution of phases,spike mechanism and possible effects of the ion-charge state

Applied Physics A - Silicide formation and ion beam mixing of Fe/Si bilayers due to Ar-, Xe- and Au-ion irradiations at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures were investigated. For the study of...     

亚硝基苯光解过程中的能量配置

利用单光子激光诱导荧光 (LIF)技术 ,测量了亚硝基苯 (C6H5NO)初生态光解碎片NO(X 2 　Πv″=1,2 ,3)的转动光谱 .通过对初生态光解碎片NO(X2 　Π )内能态布居的分析 ,得到了NO(X 2 　Π )的转动温度和相对振动布居比 ,研究了亚硝基苯在 2 6 6nm激光光解过程中的能量配置情况 .与小分子相比 ,大的亚硝基苯分子 ,其光解过程中能量分布很宽 ,涉及到所有自由度 .     

PREPARATION OF SA-Fe CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE AND IT''S APPLICATION IN ELECTRODIALYSIS FOR TREATING WASTEWATER

An insoluble SA-Fe membrane was prepared by being linked soluble sodium alginate with FeCl3. SEM was used to observe its surface structure. IR spectrum indicated that Fe3+ was linked with -COOH and -OH in SA membrane. As a cationic exchanging membrane in electrodialysis the membrane was applied in treating inorganic wastewater with high concentration of inorganic ammonia and azote. The results of experiment showed that it was well-selective to ammonia and azote. The percentage of the removal of ammonia and azote in wastewater was up to 80%.     

6-Exo-spiro (alkoxycarbonylamino)methyl radical cyclization: highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (-)-sibirine

[reaction: see text] The (methoxycarbonylamino)methyl radical can be readily generated from its PhSe precursor and undergoes preferential 6-exo-spiro cyclization when PhSO(2) is attached at the distal alkene carbon. This property was applied to the synthesis of the racemic and optically active spirocyclic alkaloid sibirine.     

4,5-Disubstituted cis-pyrrolidinones as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II. Part 1: Synthetic approach

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II (17β-HSD II) antagonists may provide an important way into preventing the onset of osteoporosis. The discovery of 4,5-disubstituted cis-pyrrolidinones as 17β-HSD II inhibitors led to the development of an efficient intramolecular Michael addition, followed by catalytic hydrogenation to obtain the desired cis configuration.     

The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in a photocurable poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) film for a glucose biosensor

A single-step fabrication of a glucose biosensor with simultaneous immobilization of both ferrocene mediator and glucose oxidase in a photocurable methacrylic film consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) was reported. The entrapped ferrocene showed reversible redox behaviour in the photocured film and no significant leaching of both entrapped ferrocene and enzyme glucose oxidase was observed because of the low water absorption properties of the co-polymer films. From electrochemical studies, ferrocene entrapped in the co-polymer film demonstrated slow diffusion properties. A linear glucose response range of 2-11 mM was obtained at low applied potential of +0.25 V. The glucose biosensor fabricated by this photocuring method yielded sensor reproducibility and repeatability with relative standard deviation of <10% and long-term stability of up to 14 days. The main advantage of the use of photocurable procedure is that biosensor membrane fabrication can be performed in a single step without any lengthy chemical immobilization of enzyme.