虾肝肠胞虫感染病理特征、18S rRNA基因序列及系统进化树分析

为调查浙江省部分地区虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei,EHP)暴发来源及与其他宿主来源的微孢子虫进化关系,本研究利用形态学特征和分子鉴定,尝试对引起浙江多地凡纳对虾生长缓慢综合征的病原进行探究.同时基于18S rRNA基因序列分析该病原与其他地区及其他宿主来源微孢子虫的进化关系.结果显...     

Computational Insight into Biotransformation Profiles of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants to Their Diester Metabolites by Cytochrome P450

Biotransformation of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) has a potential correlation with their toxicological effects on humans. In this work, we employed five typical OPFRs including tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), and performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to clarify the CYP-catalyzed biotransformation of five OPFRs to their diester metabolites. The DFT results show that the reaction mechanism consists of Cα-hydroxylation and O-dealkylation steps, and the biotransformation activities of five OPFRs may follow the order of TCEP ≈ TEP ≈ EHDPHP > TCIPP > TDCIPP. We further performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to unravel the binding interactions of five OPFRs in the CYP3A4 isoform. Binding mode analyses demonstrate that CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of TDCIPP, TCIPP, TCEP, and TEP can produce the diester metabolites, while EHDPHP metabolism may generate para-hydroxyEHDPHP as the primary metabolite. Moreover, the EHDPHP and TDCIPP have higher binding potential to CYP3A4 than TCIPP, TCEP, and TEP. This work reports the biotransformation profiles and binding features of five OPFRs in CYP, which can provide meaningful clues for the further studies of the metabolic fates of OPFRs and toxicological effects associated with the relevant metabolites.     

全球治理困境与国家“再现”的最终逻辑

在全球治理危机频现和大国战略竞争加剧的背景下,“国家中心主义”回归引发了人们对经济全球化走势的担忧。本轮国家中心主义回归的逻辑是：此前自由主义全球化的过度发展导致国家功能隐退;而当全球治理状况恶化时,国家的重要性再度凸现,成为各国社会谋求自我体系安全的唯一“阀门”,民族主义、保护主义思潮亦大行其道。从中期看,未来的全球体系重建过程将充满国家中心主义与自由主义两种理性的持续角力,国家与市场的作用都将在“拉锯战”相互影响与重塑。从远期看,新型全球化将是国家与市场关系再平衡的产物,国家仍是兼具服务本民族发展及其外部性的主要工具。国家处理内外发展与治理多重挑战的“灵活度”即为评判其核心竞争力的最终标准。     

中子辐照对Pd80Si20与Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5非晶态合金结构的影响

本工作用X射线衍射技术示差扫描量热法(DSC)和内耗测量等手段研究金属-类金属非晶态合金Pd₈₀Si₂₀和Pd_77.5Cu₆Si_16.5中子辐照前后的微观结构变化。结果表明,辐照在两种样品的对关联函数g(r)以及径向分布函数RDF(r)上都引起明显的变化;辐照后样品的晶化温度和晶化热有所提高,结构变得更加无序,Pd₈₀Si₂₀非晶态合金的内耗在T关键词：     

Relaxation dynamics of stretched polymer chains traced by shear induced Shish‐Kebab structure

We have developed a morphologic method to investigate the relaxation processing of the stretched polymer chains in melts, in which an atomic force microscope probe was used to shear the surface of an isotactic polypropylene melt to obtain the isolated shish‐kebab structure. We present the results of the time dependence of length of the isolated shish‐kebab structure and the stress dependence of the kebab density along the direction of shish in this paper. Our results demonstrate that the shear‐oriented polymer melts show the relaxation dynamics of worm‐like chain where the length deficit of the isolated shish‐kebab structure is scaled with the relaxation time as a power of 1/3. The melting behavior of shish‐kebab structure was also investigated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 907–914     

Effects of the laser surface treatment on the mechanical properties of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses

Surfaces of three types of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were modified by laser surface treatment (LST), and the influence of the treatment on structure and mechanical properties of these alloys was investigated. The phase structure of as-cast and laser-treated samples was characterized by XRD and the morphology of the alloys after fracture was examined by SEM. The compressive plasticity of treated Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 and Cu46.5Zr47.5Al5Co1 BMGs can be improved from 0.5% to 2.0% and from 1.2% to 5.7% respectively compared with the as-cast ones, while (Cu0.55Zr0.40Al0.05)99Er1 BMG shows insignificant change of plasticity. The improvement in plasticity is attributed to induced crystallization of B2 CuZr phase in the treated surface zone of selected metallic glasses.     

Optical bistability based on surface plasmon coupled between two noble metal films involving Kerr materials

We successfully investigate an optical bistability phenomenon in a layered structure consisting of Kretschmann configuration involving the Kerr-type nonlinear and the silver film. Pure theoretical approaches are employed to investigate that the surface plasmon could easily be coupled and both the reflection and transmission curves versus the incident intensity forms optical bistability. The transmission curves are greatly influenced by the thickness of the second silver film. These results may be useful for designing novel surface plasmon-based optical devices and will be essential for future classical and quantum information processes.     

Diethyl phenylphosphonite contributing to solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interphase for lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries have obtained increasing interest due to their high specific capacity.Nonetheless,the growth of lithium dendrites brings safety risks to...     

有规立构聚苯乙烯的稀溶液性质

本文报导了有规立构聚苯乙烯,无规立构聚苯乙烯和1∶1混合有规和无规立构聚苯乙烯的分级、粘度和光散射测试结果。发现上述三种聚苯乙烯试样的[η]-M的依赖关系、第二维利系数和均方末端距(当分子量相同时)是有差别的。这种差别超出实验误差范围,而作者们认为是合理的。从而讨论了前人在类似的工作中所得到的结果。     

ISOVALEROYL OXOKADSURANE,A NOVEL DIBENZOCYCLOOCTADIENE LIGNAN POSSESSING A SPIROBENZOPURANOID SKELETON

Isovaleroyl oxokadsurane, a novel dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan pos-sessing a spirobenzofuranoid skeleton was isolated from the stems of Kadsura coccinea.Its structure and relative configuration were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.