In this study, three different volume expansion ratios of expanded graphite (EG) are prepared and investigated to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of the sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) composites. A series of SAT composite phase change materials (CPCMs) with EG were prepared. The influence of volume expansion ratio and mass fraction of EG on thermodynamic characteristics of SAT CPCMs was examined, including thermal conductivity, phase change temperature, enthalpy, latent heat storage and release time, and the degree of supercooling. Results showed that SAT CPCMs can be absorbed adequately by EG, and EG could enhance the heat transfer efficiency effectively. But it also brought some problems with the addition of all the three volume expansion ratios of EG, such as the poor enthalpy and serious supercooling. Particularly, the situation gets worse with the increase in mass and expansion ratio of EG. Therefore, it is better to choose the EG with proper expansion ratio or reduce the proportion of the EG which possesses higher expansion ratio. Besides, thermal cycling test and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the SAT CPCMs with 3 mass% EG showed a good thermal stability.
Quantum chemical calculations are applied to complexes of 6-OX-fulvene (X=H, Cl, Br, I) with ZH3/H2Y (Z=N, P, As, Sb; Y=O, S, Se, Te) to study the competition between the hydrogen bond and the halogen bond. The H-bond weakens as the base atom grows in size and the associated negative electrostatic potential on the Lewis base atom diminishes. The pattern for the halogen bonds is more complicated. In most cases, the halogen bond is stronger for the heavier halogen atom, and pnicogen electron donors are more strongly bound than chalcogen. Halogen bonds to chalcogen atoms strengthen in the order O<S<Se<Te, whereas the pattern is murkier for the pnicogen donors. In terms of competition, most halogen bonds to pnicogen donors are stronger than their H-bond analogues, but there is no clear pattern with respect to chalcogen donors. O prefers a H-bond, while halogen bonds are favored by Te. For S and Se, I-bonds are strongest, followed Br, H, and Cl-bonds in that order. 相似文献
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs reportedly reduce the risk of developing cancer. One mechanism by which they reduce carcinogenesis involves the inhibition of the activity of cyclooxygenase‐2, an enzyme that is overexpressed in various cancer tissues. Its overexpression increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. However, selected cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors can also act through cyclooxygenase‐independent mechanisms. In this study, using ultrafiltration, enzyme‐immobilized magnetic beads, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry, several isoflavonoids in Trifolium pratense L. extracts were screened and identified. Semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography were then applied to separate the active constituents. Using these methods, seven major compounds were identified in Trifolium pratense L. As cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors: rothindin, ononin, daidzein, trifoside, pseudobaptigenin, formononetin, and biochanin A, which were then isolated with >92% purity. This is the first report of the presence of potent cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in Trifolium pratense L. extracts. The results of this study demonstrate that the systematic isolation of bioactive components from Trifolium pratense L., by using ultrafiltration, enzyme‐immobilized magnetic beads, semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography, represents a feasible and efficient technique that could be extended for the identification and isolation of other enzyme inhibitors. 相似文献
Optical channel waveguides were fabricated in KTiOPO4 crystal by He+-ion implantation using photoresist masks with wedged-shaped cross sections. Semi-closed barrier walls with reduced refractive indices inside the crystal constructed the enclosed regions to be channel waveguides with trapezoidal-shaped cross sections. The m-line as well as end-fire coupling arrangements were performed to characterize the waveguides with light at wavelength of 632.8 nm. The propagation loss of the channel waveguides was determined to be as low as ∼2 dB/cm after simple post-irradiation thermal annealing treatment in air. 相似文献
In the present study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was successfully covalently immobilized on the surface of anatase TiO2 film by a three-step method, i.e. application of H3PO4 chemisorption to increase surface -OH, which increases the amount of coupling 3-aminopropyl-triethoxylsilane (APTES), thus linking with BSA by imide bond using EDC/NHS/MES. There is no significant -OH group increase on rutile film when using the same method of phosphoric acid treatment, which suggest it is difficult for further chemical modification of the rutile film. After covalent immobilization of BSA on anatase film, an improved hemocompatibility of anti-platelet adhesion and aggregation in vitro could be recognized by LDH and SEM analysis. This study suggests BSA-immobilized anatase surface can serve as hemocompatibility material in vivo. 相似文献
A series of bulk polycrystalline Nd1−xAgxMnO3 samples were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction processing, for x between 0.1 and 0.5. The structure, magnetism, and magnetoresistance (MR) of the samples are investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the x=0.1 sample is a single perovskite structure, while x0.167, samples consist of a ferromagnetic perovskite phase and two nonmagnetic phases, Ag and Mn3O4. The MR of Nd1−xAgxMnO3 is enhanced by increasing the composition of Ag. Compared with the sample of x=0.1, the x=0.5 sample has a significantly larger value of low-field MR. The enhanced low-field MR is related to the spin-dependent scattering of spin-polarized electrons at the interfaces between the perovskite grains and silver granules. 相似文献
Photorefractive gratings with high grating resolution were observed in the 20 μm thick low-molar-mass nematic liquid crystal
(NLC) cell with a separate photoconductive (PC) poly(N-vinylcarbazole) layer. An orientational grating with a grating spacing of 1.9 μm was produced. It is believed that a space–charge
field with small fringe spacing forms in the PC layer and its evanescent component penetrates into the NLC layer. The penetrated
evanescent field drives the NLC to reorient, and consequently the orientational grating forms. The model indicates that the
modulated field exists in several hundred nanometers near the surface, and thus the orientational grating is not full of the
NLC film, which is consistent with the observed phenomena of the multiple diffractions. Besides, asymmetric two-beam coupling
of 11.2% was achieved for the grating with a grating spacing of 1.9 μm, and a net gain coefficient of larger than 62 cm−1 was obtained. 相似文献
Using the transfer matrix method, we investigate the transmission property of a one-dimensional photonic crystal doped with
a linear subwavelength layer and a Kerr-type nonlinear layer. We find that a thin film of subwavelength layer can significantly
modify the characteristic of optical bistability. We also find that the sequence of the thin film and the nonlinear layer
has a major impact on the hysteretic behavior. With the investigations to the linear defect mode and the electric field distribution
in the nonlinear material, we explain these phenomena.
PACS 42.65.Pc; 42.25.Bs; 42.70.Qs; 42.65.-k; 78.66.-w 相似文献
A new idea of using LPD (liquid phase deposition) to prepare a GeO2 thick reflective film for hollow waveguide delivery of CO2 laser radiation was investigated in this work. The LPD process was achieved by designedly adding acid to GeO2–aqueous ammonia. The addition of acid could induce the transformation of germanate ions into GeO2 solutes, leading to the deposition of a GeO2 ceramic film when the concentration of GeO2 solute is higher than its saturation solubility. It was found that the highest film growth rate occurred at a pH value of
3, while a film with low surface roughness and good adhesion to the substrate was produced at a pH value of 2 and the film
could be converted to a smooth, compact hexagonal GeO2 film by heat treatment at 1120 °C for 30 min. Two abnormal dispersion bands within 7.6–9 μm and 9.6–11.2 μm were mainly caused
by the silica glass substrate and the GeO2 film, respectively. The film was thick enough to achieve the total reflectance of the CO2 laser radiation. The use of this GeO2 film in a hollow waveguide structure for CO2 laser radiation delivery is discussed based on the transmission loss and the feasibility of the deposition of the GeO2 film inside silica capillary tubes. The results show that the hollow waveguides with low transmission loss are most likely
fabricated at a low cost using the LPD-derived GeO2 reflective film.
PACS 78.20.-e; 78.66.-w; 42.70.-a; 78.20.Ci; 78.40.-q 相似文献