具有氧空位Bi_xWO_6(1.81≤x≤2.01)的第一性原理计算和光催化性能研究

为了探索影响Bi_2WO_6光催化性能的内在机制,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算和实验研究了非化学计量和氧空位对Bi_2WO_6晶体结构、电子结构和显微结构的影响.采用溶剂热法合成了具有氧空位的非化学计量Bi_xWO_6(x=1.81,1.87,1.89,1.92,2.01)光催化剂.DFT计算结果表明,氧空位的存在可显著减小Bi_2WO_6的带隙,有利于光生电子的生成.实验结果表明,当Bi元素的含量小于化学计量比时,Bi_2WO_6的晶体结构发生了微小变形,Bi元素含量对Bi_2WO_6的显微结构影响不大,但会影响产品氧空位的含量和光吸收性能,并有效抑制电子空穴的复合.Bi_(1.89)WO_6产品的光催化性能最佳,可见光照射180 min后,可降解98%的罗丹明B.采用适当方法,使产品具有氧空位和非化学计量是获得高光催化活性材料的一种有效方法.     

11 MeV能损型质子照相空间分辨能力模拟

透射质子的能损和散射角是质子照相成像模糊的主要来源。基于Zumbro聚焦成像磁透镜的质子照相技术,可基本消除散射角引起的成像模糊,实现几十μm的空间分辨,但无法对能损信息进行优化是其空间分辨能力难以进一步提升的主要原因。为利用透射质子的能损信息,进一步提高质子照相的空间分辨能力,提出了一种新型的成像磁透镜,称之为能损型聚焦成像磁透镜。基于11 MeV低能能损型质子照相的实验束线和Geant4模拟软件,建立全过程照相模型,研究11 MeV能损型成像束线的空间分辨能力。模拟研究表明：对于10 μm厚的Al箔,考虑点扩散函数等测量系统成像模糊的影响,11 MeV能损型成像束线可实现约30 μm的空间分辨。与等大型Zumbro磁透镜相比,空间分辨能力得到显著提升。     

一种新的基于频域有限差分方法的小周期有机太阳能电池的光电特性

由MoO₃/Ag/MoO₃ （MAM）组成的多层膜结构非常有希望替代ITO作为有机太阳能电池中的透明阳极.然而,基于MAM结构的有机太阳能电池光吸收能力较弱.为此,引入了一种小周期短节距金属光栅,利用表面等离子激元增强活性层的光吸收.借助于频域有限差分方法求解麦克斯韦方程和半导体方程,探讨了有机太阳能电池结构的光学和电学性质.分析结果表明：与平面结构相比,活性层中的光吸收大大提高;同时,当凹槽宽度为4 nm,能量转换效率提高了49%.相关结果有助于更好地开发和利用无ITO层的有机太阳能电池.     

Micromagnetic analysis of transition noise for high-density perpendicular recording

In this paper, specific issues related to high-density perpendicular magnetic recording processes, such as transition noise properties and cross-track correlation lengths, were investigated with the help of micromagnetic analysis. The effects of media parameters were taken into consideration, including intergranular exchange coupling, and exchange distribution, irregular grain shapes, magnetization saturation distribution, and anisotropy distribution. The micromagnetic simulation results showed that the effect of anisotropy distribution on transition noise is more significant than magnetization saturation distribution, and it is crucial to reduce this effect to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, a new method to further estimate the partial erasure threshold was proposed to approximate the partial erasure effects, and the relation between the microtrack jitter and total track jitter was investigated.     

Separated AlxIn1−xN quantum dots grown by plasma-reactive co-sputtering

Separated Al_xIn_1−xN quantum dots (QDs) embedded in amorphous AlN films have been produced by radio-frequency co-sputtering technique on silicon (1 1 1) and quartz glass substrates. The mean size and density of Al_xIn_1−xN QDs can be conveniently monitored by deposition parameters. Transparent electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction were used to detect the structure of the Al_xIn_1−xN QDs system; field-emission scanning-electron microscope was adopted to measure the surface morphology and anticipate the size of the QDs; X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy was used to measure the stoichiometric ratios of the QDs.     

Analytic soliton solutions of cubic‐quintic Ginzburg‐Landau equation with variable nonlinearity and spectral filtering in fiber lasers

In fiber lasers, the study of the cubic‐quintic complex Ginzburg‐Landau equations (CGLE) has attracted much attention. In this paper, four families (kink solitons, gray solitons, Y‐type solitons and combined solitons) of exact soliton solutions for the variable‐coefficient cubic‐quintic CGLE are obtained via the modified Hirota method. Appropriate parameters are chosen to investigate the properties of solitons. The influences of nonlinearity and spectral filtering effect are discussed in these obtained exact soliton solutions, respectively. Methods to amplify the amplitude and compress the width of solitons are put forward. Numerical simulation with split‐step Fourier method and fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta algorithm are carried out to validate some of the analytic results. Transformation from the variable‐coefficient cubic‐quintic CGLE to the constant coefficients one is proposed. The results obtained may have certain applications in soliton control in fiber lasers, and may have guiding value in experiments in the future.

     

化学非平衡夸克-胶子物质中等质量双轻子的产生

研究了正在进行化学平衡的富重子夸克-胶子物质的双轻子产生，发现由于产生在RHIC能量 的化学非平衡的富重子夸克-胶子物质冷却慢和高的初始温度，导致中等质量双轻子产生重 大增强.因此，中等质量双轻子的增强可以是夸克-胶子物质形成的信号.同时，这个增强能 补偿由于初始夸克化学势增加引起的双轻子抑制，因而双轻子产额的抑制不再是夸克-胶子 物质产生的信号. 关键词： 化学非平衡夸克-胶子物质 热粲夸克 双轻子     

风冷热泵冷热水机组动态过程仿真

本文给出了风冷热泵冷热水机组动态过程模型。系统的高、低压段被分成制冷剂侧、管壁、以及水或空气侧三个控制容积。针对每个控制容积建立了质量和能量平衡的微分方程。由于压缩机、热力膨胀阀阀体、以及四通换向阀具有较小的热惯性,因而采用稳态模型描述压缩过程、膨胀过程、以及内泄露过程。膨胀阀感温包中的制冷剂温度对于蒸发器出口温度的延迟用一阶惯性环节来描述。通过“预测-校正”和“自适应步长”方法实现系统仿真。仿真结果与测试数据吻合良好。     

Rectifying effect of heterojunction fabricated in freestanding thin film of polyaniline containing azobenzene side-chain

An innovative heterojunction is fabricated between two sides of a freestanding thin film of HCl-doped polyaniline (PANI) derivative containing azobenzene side-chain, which is synthesized through an N-alkyl-substituted reaction. Of the film, the side with being irradiated by UV light during preparation is represented as `A side'; the other side without being irradiated is represented as `N side'. The electrical properties of the heterojunction are measured and the rectifying effect is observed in the {current--voltage} characteristic curves with the values of rectifying ratio (γ) being 20 at ±0.06 V at T= 77K and 4 at ±0.02V at T=300 K separately.     

Current-voltage characteristics of individual conducting polymer nanotubes and nanowires

We report the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of individual polypyrrole nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires in a temperature range from 300 K to 2 K. Considering the complex structures of such quasi-one-dimensional systems with an array of ordered conductive regions separated by disordered barriers, we use the extended fluctuation-induced tunneling (FIT) and thermal excitation model (Kaiser expression) to fit the temperature and electric-field dependent I–V curves. It is found that the I–V data measured at higher temper-atures or higher voltages can be well fitted by the Kaiser expression. However, the low-temperature data around the zero bias clearly deviate from those obtained from this model. The deviation (or zero-bias conductance suppression) could be possibly ascribed to the occurrence of the Coulomb-gap in the density of states near the Femi level and/or the enhancement of electron-electron interaction resulting from nanosize effects, which have been revealed in the previous studies on low-temperature electronic transport in conducting polymer films, pellets and nanostructures. In addition, similar I-V characteristics and deviation are also observed in an isolated K0.27MnO2 nanowire.