常压微等离子体阳极与离子溶液界面的电荷转移反应

常压微等离子体电极是一种有望取代常用贵金属电极用于电化学反应的气体电极. 然而目前关于微等离子体阳极与离子溶液界面反应的研究及其用于金属电沉积的报道还较少. 本文使用常压微等离子体作为阳极, 通过紫外-可见吸收光谱监测阳极电解液中亚铁氰化钾被氧化生成的铁氰化钾的含量, 发现铁氰化钾的含量随放电时间的延长而增加, 并且其增加的速率与放电电流成比例. 在放电结束后, 随着放置时间的延长铁氰化钾的含量继续升高, 其升高的速率与放电时间的长短有关. 放电结束后铁氰化钾含量的增加速率远小于放电时的增加速率. 实验结果表明微等离子体电极可以作为气体阳极在等离子体和液体界面进行电荷传输, 并引发电化学反应, 同时在放电的过程中产生了氧化活性物质. 在饱和硫酸铜溶液中, 使用微等离子体阳极可以在不锈钢阴极上进行铜的电沉积, 电流效率达到90%.     

一氧化碳的发现与燃素说的终结

考察一氧化碳的发现过程可知,这不仅是一种化学物质的发现史,也是燃素说的兴衰史。笃信燃素说的英国科学家普里斯特利首先在实验室制取并研究了它,称之为重可燃空气。相信氧化学说的英国化学家克鲁克香克用实验证明了它是一氧化碳,使当时的科学家大都皈依氧化学说,从而终结了燃素说。这段历史让人们认识到创新的理论思维对于科学研究的重要意义。     

新型氧钒(IV)席夫碱配合物［VO(dtbsal-met)(phen)和VO(naph-met)(phen)］的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以L-蛋氨酸（met）, 1,10-邻菲啰啉（phen）和3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛（dbsal）［或2-羟基-1-萘醛（naph）］为原料,经胺醛缩合反应合成了两个新型的氧钒(IV)席夫碱配合物［VO(dtbsal-met)(phen)（1）和VO(naph-met)(phen)（2）］,其结构经IR, HR-ESI-MS,摩尔电导和X-射线单晶衍射表征。1（CCDC：1 429 158）和2（CCDC：1 429 159）分别属单斜晶系和三斜晶系。用MTT法研究了1和2对人肺腺癌细胞（A549）和人源肝癌细胞（HepG2）的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明：1和2对A549和HepG2均表现出一定的抑制活性。     

Synthesis and Secondary Conformations of Homochiral β-Oligopeptides Containing Aryl Side Chains

A series of novel homochiral β-oligopeptides bearing aryl side chains was designed and synthesized from (S)-β-phenyl-β-amino acid derivatives by solution-phase methods. By means of circular dichroism(CD), Fourier- transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR), powder X^-ray diffraction analysis(XRD) and density functional theory(DFT) calculations, we suggest that dipeptide P-2 and tripeptide P-3 adopt random coil-like conformations, pentapeptide P-5 and hexapeptide P-6 adopt stable 12-helix conformations in both solution and solid-state. Meanwhile, tetrapeptide P-4 adopt random coil-like conformation in solution and adopt 12-helix conformation in solid state.     

Effect of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Sorbitol on Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene

Isotactic polypropylene(iPP) was modified by the introduction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquio- xanes(POSS) and 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol(DMDBS). Chemical combination of (3-mercapto)- propyl-heptaisobutyl POSS with DMDBS(POSS-DMDBS), and physical mixing of DMDBS with octaisobutyl POSS (iso-POSS/DMDBS) or trisilanolisobutyl POSS(tri-POSS/DMDBS) were applied respectively to modifying iPP, and the effects of POSS and DMDBS on crystallization, rheological and mechanical properties of iPP were systematically investigated. The results indicate that iso-POSS/DMDBS and tri-POSS/DMDBS were more effective than POSS-DMDBS on the improvement of the crystallization behavior of iPP due to the higher crystallization temperature, while the crystallinity of iPP containing POSS-DMDBS was enhanced, approximately approached to that of iPP containing tri-POSS/DMDBS. The tensile strength of iPP with POSS-DMDBS was significantly increased from 34 MPa to 40 MPa, as high as that of iPP with iso-POSS/DMDBS. The different effects caused by the specific interaction between POSS and DMDBS could possibly be applied in the modification of iPP.     

近红外宽带全方向反射镜的设计

研究了一维光子晶体的全方向反射镜.用传输矩阵法分析了影响全反镜全方向反射带带宽和位置的因素.利用带隙展宽理论,构建异质结构光子晶体,设计得到了近红外宽带全反射镜.比较发现,Te/SiO2构成的一维异质结构全向带反射特性优于TiO2/SiO2构成的一维异质结构,该反射镜TE偏振波的全方向反射带分布在近红外波段1 001 ～ 2999 nm范围内,TM偏振波的全向反射带分布在1001 ～2323 nm波段范围内,获得的反射率高于98;,而薄膜层数只需要20层.     

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂的水溶性CdTe量子点的水热合成及表征

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,采用水热合成方法在140℃下合成水溶性CdTe量子点.研究了不同的反应时间、反应温度、反应前驱体pH值、前驱体的配比、前驱体的浓度对CdTe量子点光学性质的影响.采用TEM、XRD、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱等技术对所制得产品进行表征.结果表明:当反应前驱体n(Cd2+∶TGA∶ HTe-)=1.0∶2.0∶0.1,C(Cd2+) =2.63×10-3mol/L,反应温度为140℃,pH值为12.0条件下,所制的CdTe量子点的荧光漆发射波长在512 ～559 nm范围内连续可调,量子产率较高(44.9;),半峰宽较窄达(FWHM=50 nm、EM=547.0 nm).与回流方法制备的水溶性CdTe量子点相比,利用水热反应釜的合成方法简单,CdTe量子点生长速度快,70 min就可生长到2.5 nm,粒径较均匀,荧光强度强,能够为免疫层析试纸条的组装提供性能较好的荧光标记物.     

Na+对制备Al4SiC4/Al4O4C复合耐火材料的影响

以焦宝石、活性炭和铝粉为原料,添加Na2CO3制备Al4SiC4/Al4O4C复合耐火材料.采用化学分析、XRD和SEM等测试技术,研究了Na+对材料物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明:添加Na2CO3加速了Al2O3和活性炭的反应,促进了Al4O4C的生成.未添加Na2CO3时生成的Al4SiC4晶粒表面光滑,添加Na2CO3后Al4SiC4晶粒粗糙、凹凸,缺陷明显增加.此外,未添加Na2CO3的试样中生成的Al4O4C呈短纤维状,添加Na2CO3后全部转变为细小颗粒.     

细菌纤维素的最新研究进展

纤维素是地球上含量最丰富的天然高分子材料,可分为植物纤维素和细菌纤维素两类.和植物纤维素相比,细菌纤维素具有更高的纯度和更好的性能.细菌纤维素具有多孔的纳米网状结构、高聚合度、高纯度、高结晶度、优异的力学性能和生物相容性等优点,作为一种天然可再生高分子材料,近年来备受关注.本综述介绍了制备细菌纤维素的主要方法,归纳总结...     

Shell-model studies of the N=14 and 16 shell closures in neutron-rich nuclei

Shell-model studies on the N =14 and 16 shell closures in neutron-rich Be, C, O and Ne isotopes are presented. We calculate, with the WBT interaction, the excited states in these nuclei. The calculations agree with recent experiment data. Excited energies and B(E2) values are displayed to discuss the shell closures. Our results support the N =16 shell closure in these isotopes, while indicating a disappearance of N =14 shell closure in Be and C isotopes.