全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20098篇 |
免费 | 3304篇 |
国内免费 | 3907篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 15550篇 |
晶体学 | 519篇 |
力学 | 926篇 |
综合类 | 385篇 |
数学 | 2689篇 |
物理学 | 7240篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 45篇 |
2023年 | 259篇 |
2022年 | 588篇 |
2021年 | 643篇 |
2020年 | 755篇 |
2019年 | 776篇 |
2018年 | 624篇 |
2017年 | 762篇 |
2016年 | 872篇 |
2015年 | 984篇 |
2014年 | 1179篇 |
2013年 | 1533篇 |
2012年 | 1797篇 |
2011年 | 1849篇 |
2010年 | 1541篇 |
2009年 | 1510篇 |
2008年 | 1748篇 |
2007年 | 1497篇 |
2006年 | 1395篇 |
2005年 | 1139篇 |
2004年 | 860篇 |
2003年 | 716篇 |
2002年 | 864篇 |
2001年 | 679篇 |
2000年 | 510篇 |
1999年 | 382篇 |
1998年 | 254篇 |
1997年 | 175篇 |
1996年 | 197篇 |
1995年 | 151篇 |
1994年 | 145篇 |
1993年 | 138篇 |
1992年 | 115篇 |
1991年 | 115篇 |
1990年 | 91篇 |
1989年 | 75篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 46篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 712 毫秒
751.
Zixin Chen Dr. Min Chen Dr. Yunfeng Cheng Prof. Toshiyuki Kowada Dr. Jinghang Xie Dr. Xianchuang Zheng Prof. Jianghong Rao 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(8):3298-3305
The condensation reaction between 6-hydroxy-2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine has been shown for various applications such as site-specific protein labelling and in vivo cancer imaging. This report further expands the substrate scope of this reaction by varying the substituents on aromatic nitriles and amino thiols and testing their reactivity and ability to form nanoparticles for cell imaging. The structure–activity relationship study leads to the identification of the minimum structural requirement for the macrocyclization and assembly process in forming nanoparticles. One of the scaffolds made of 2-pyrimidinecarbonitrile and cysteine joined by a benzyl linker was applied to design fluorescent probes for imaging caspase-3/7 and β-galactosidase activity in live cells. These results demonstrate the generality of this system for imaging hydrolytic enzymes. 相似文献
752.
Jing Zhao Jihai Zhang Mengfan Jing Guopeng Sui Dingyao Liu Ke Wang Qiang Fu 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2019,57(7):368-377
Herein, we reported the formation mechanism of hybrid crystalline (cylindrite) in isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/carbon fiber (CF) via pulling a CF within the iPP melt. The α‐row nuclei layer closely attached to the surface of CF acts as a self‐nucleation site, rather than a heterogeneous nucleation one, to grow cylindrites. As a result, the polymorphic feature of iPP/CF cylindrite is significantly influenced by the microstructure of α‐row nuclei. With decreasing crystallization temperature (Tc), the polymorphic cylindrite changes from pure α‐form to mixed α‐/β‐form and to β‐rich form. The main characteristics of this change include: (a) the outlines of α‐row nuclei layer correspond to wave‐like, saw‐like, and straight lines; (b) the orientation level of iPP molecules in the α‐row nuclei layer become higher; (c) the α‐lamellae rearrange from loose to compact; and (d) the distance between the growth sites of β‐sectors and the surface of CF is evidently longer than in the case of α‐sectors. Moreover, this study provides a guideline for developing the interfacial enhanced iPP/CF composites through manipulation of polymorphic structure in cylindrites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 368–377 相似文献
753.
754.
A library of rare-earth metal derivatives supported by an aminophenoxy ligand was prepared and their catalytic performance in lactide polymerization was investigated. It was found that the synthetic strategy had a profound effect on the formation of aminophenoxy rare-earth metal complexes. Amine elimination between Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 (Ln = Yb, Y) and 1 equiv. of the aminophenol [HONH] ([HONH] = ο-OCH3-C6H4NHCH2(3,5-tBu2-C6H2-2-OH)) in toluene gave the unexpected heterobimetallic bis(aminophenoxy) rare-earth metal complexes [ON]2LnLi(THF)2 (Ln = Yb ( 1 ), Y ( 2 )). When the reactions were carried out in THF and TMEDA, amine elimination produced the aminophenoxy rare-earth metal amide complexes {[ON]LnN(SiMe3)2}2 (Ln = Yb ( 5 ), Y ( 6 )) in ca 85% isolated yields. Complexes 5 and 6 could also be obtained from salt metathesis reaction of {[ON]LnCl(THF)}2 (Ln = Yb ( 3 ), Y ( 4 )) with NaN(SiMe3)2 in a 1:2 molar ratio. In addition, treatment of complexes 3 and 4 with NaOAr (Ar = &bond;C6H4-4-tBu) and (SiMe3)2NC(NPri)2Na in 1:4 and 1:2 molar ratios provided the corresponding aminophenoxy rare-earth metal derivatives {[ON](μ-OAr)Ln(μ-OAr)Na(THF)2}2 (Ln = Yb ( 7 ), Y ( 8 )) and {[ON]Ln[(iPrN)2CN(SiMe3)2]}2 (Ln = Yb ( 9 ), Y ( 10 )), respectively. These complexes were fully characterized, and their molecular structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Polymerization experiments showed that complexes 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 9 and 10 were highly active for the ring-opening polymerization of l -lactide in toluene, and complex 1 promoted l -lactide polymerization in a controlled fashion. The polymerization of rac-lactide initiated by the neutral aminophenoxy rare-earth metal complexes 5 , 6 , 9 and 10 in THF afforded heterotactic polymers. 相似文献
755.
Cephalotanins A–D,Four Norditerpenoids Represent Three Highly Rigid Carbon Skeletons from Cephalotaxus sinensis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Jin‐Biao Xu Dr. Yao‐Yue Fan Prof. Dr. Li‐She Gan Dr. Yu‐Bo Zhou Prof. Dr. Jia Li Prof. Dr. Jian‐Min Yue 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(41):14648-14654
Four polycyclic norditerpenoids, cephalotanins A–D ( 1 – 4 ) representing three unprecedented carbon skeletons with highly rigid ring systems, were isolated from Cephalotaxus sinensis and structurally characterized by a combination of various methods. Compounds 1 and 2 are new skeletal norditerpenoid trilactones, while 3 and 4 are two norditerpenoids featuring different new carbon skeletons. Biosynthetic pathways for 1 – 4 were proposed by involving diverse and very fascinating chemical events with the coexisting cephalotane troponoids as the precursors. Compound 1 exhibited good NF‐κB inhibition with an IC50 value of 4.12±0.61 μΜ. 相似文献
756.
757.
Min Lu Saad Sadiq Daniel J. Feaster Hemant Ishwaran 《Journal of computational and graphical statistics》2018,27(1):209-219
Estimation of individual treatment effect in observational data is complicated due to the challenges of confounding and selection bias. A useful inferential framework to address this is the counterfactual (potential outcomes) model, which takes the hypothetical stance of asking what if an individual had received both treatments. Making use of random forests (RF) within the counterfactual framework we estimate individual treatment effects by directly modeling the response. We find that accurate estimation of individual treatment effects is possible even in complex heterogenous settings but that the type of RF approach plays an important role in accuracy. Methods designed to be adaptive to confounding, when used in parallel with out-of-sample estimation, do best. One method found to be especially promising is counterfactual synthetic forests. We illustrate this new methodology by applying it to a large comparative effectiveness trial, Project Aware, to explore the role drug use plays in sexual risk. The analysis reveals important connections between risky behavior, drug usage, and sexual risk. Supplementary material for this article is available online. 相似文献
758.
Manikandan Muthu Judy Gopal Shang Xiao Min Sechul Chun 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2016,180(4):780-790
The feasibility of utilizing the antimicrobial activity of naturally available teas was studied. Eleven teas including 2 green teas and 9 other traditional Korean mixed teas were tested for their antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial and antifungal properties were assessed. The results showed that green teas possessed significant antifungal and antibacterial properties, while most of the mixed teas showed some amount of antifungal activity and almost insignificant antibacterial properties. Confocal microscopic imaging revealed mycelial damage as well as attack on sporophores rather than spores/spore germination to be the reason behind the antifungal activity. EGCG was identified as the crucial catechin for antimicrobial activity. The study confirmed that green tea had a clear edge over the traditional mixed teas when it comes to antimicrobial activity. 相似文献
759.
760.
We have developed a new numerical ray-tracing approach for LIDAR signal power function computation, in which the light round-trip propagation is analyzed by geometrical optics and a simple experiment is employed to acquire the laser intensity distribution. It is relatively more accurate and flexible than previous methods. We emphatically discuss the relationship between the inclined angle and the dynamic range of detector output signal in biaxial LIDAR system. Results indicate that an appropriate negative angle can compress the signal dynamic range. This technique has been successfully proved by comparison with real measurements. 相似文献