高中有机化学教材“烃类化合物”的国际比较研究

基于闫春更等建立的二维度四指标教材难度微观评价模型，重点对中国、美国、新加坡、澳大利亚、日本、英国的高中化学教材中"烃类化合物"内容的整合广度、表征深度进行测评和比较。研究发现6国教材内容的整合广度整体上差异不大，但其表征深度差异明显；美国教材注重学生认识物质的思路和方法的渗透，日本教材注重基本知识与技能的掌握，中国教材将概念诠释与样例分析相融合；英国、新加坡、美国教材注重情境推理或比较等信息处理策略的运用，对学习者学习的引导性较强。     

DNA光复活作用机理研究中的模型化合物

用模型化合物模拟光解酶诱导的DNA光复活作用，能深入认识其作用机理。介 绍了用于DNA光复活机理研究的各种模型化合物的合成，并综述了由模型化合物研 究得到的光复活机理，以及底物嘧啶二聚体的修复效率受外界因素的影响。     

聚合物涂层在毛细管电泳分离蛋白中的研究进展

毛细管电泳具有分析时间短,分离效率高,样品消耗量少等优点,在生物样品分离,特别是蛋白质分析领域有重要应用。然而,毛细管内壁硅羟基的解离给分离结果带来诸多不良影响。聚合物涂层能够抑制蛋白质在毛细管内壁的吸附以及调控电渗流,故对毛细管内壁进行有效修饰能够提高其对蛋白质的分离效率及分离稳定性。该文主要综述了动态及静态聚合物涂层毛细管的最新研究进展,并概述了近些年基于多巴胺/聚多巴胺发展起来的涂层毛细管的研究进展,最后展望了聚合物涂层毛细管的发展趋势。     

多场耦合作用下光热敏感介电凝胶的力电耦合变形行为

介电弹性体在电场作用下将产生形变,为获得高的变形能,需对介电弹性体施以较强的电场,而强电场的施加可能诱发力电耦合失稳导致失效。针对光热敏感介电凝胶力电耦合变形行为,基于热力学和连续介质力学理论建立力电耦合变形模型,分析了光强、温度以及预拉伸对光热敏感介电凝胶力电耦合变形行为的影响,结果表明:无预拉伸时,随着电场强度的增大,光热敏感介电凝胶最终发生力电失稳,光强越小、温度越低发生力电失稳时的临界电压越高;预拉伸可显著改善力电稳定性,施加等双轴预拉伸后,凝胶厚度方向的伸长率显著变小,电场强度随电位移增大而线性增大,未出现力电失稳现象。     

锂在共轭双键高分子中的电化学嵌入反应III. 锂嵌入聚噻吩的量子化学计算†

采用Gaussian软件和HF方法, 通过从头计算(ab initio)法选取4-31G基组计算锂离子嵌入聚噻吩过程中结构与结合能的变化关系. 发现噻吩聚合时主要生成三或四聚合物. 聚合物在Li原子(或Li^＋离子)嵌入后, 聚噻吩间距离明显变小, 同时发生电荷转移, 形成稳定嵌合物; 并使噻吩环的C-α—C-β键级变小. 同时, 研究了锂离子(或原子)嵌入后体系的HOMO, LUMO能级. 聚噻吩在嵌入锂离子时LUMO轨道能级变为负值, 成为电池反应得电子的正极. 而金属Li₂ 释放Li^＋后的Li^－的HOMO能级为＋0.7427 eV, 则成为给电子的负极. 由此, 可以完成由锂/聚噻吩在高氯酸锂电解质中组成的放电过程, 并提出嵌合键级概念用来表征锂在聚噻吩间的结合程度.     

硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症疗效分析

为观察硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏的疗效,将98例锌缺乏儿童随机分为硒锌氨基酸治疗组及对照组,测定治疗前后血锌增加值,并比较治疗效果。结果表明,治疗组血锌平均增加值为(16.37±4.89)μmol/L,对照组为(12.39±5.01)μmol/L,P<0.01,差异有高度显著性;治疗组50例中,显效36例,有效10例,无效4例,对照组48例中显效24例,有效12例,无效12例,χ2=4.12,P<0.05,差异有显著性。可见硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症取得显著疗效。     

碱土金属掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂的制备与光催化活性的评价

The nanometer TiO₂ were prepared by the hydrolyze-gel method and fellowed by doping alkaline-earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). XRD, SEM, diffuse reflection spectra were used to investigate their characteristices. The result indicates that the average particles size of the TiO₂ is about 80 nm and keep uniformity in distributing. The product was mainly anatase in 300～400 ℃ calcinations, the einstein shift of absorption spectrum was observed after doping the alkaline-earth metals. The best mole percentages of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba are 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 1.5% respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, it is more effective to the UV-catalyed degradation reaction that the catalysts containing Mg and Ca were calcined at 300 ℃ for 1h or containing Sr and Ba were calcined at 400 ℃ for 1 h. The photocatalystic activity is considerably depondent on pH and the concentration of the oxidant. Using the sunlight to do the degradation experimental, the result also show that the doping catalysts has higher degradation efficiency than that of pure TiO₂.     

Highly Enantioselective Phenylacetylene Addition to Benzaldehyde Catalyzed by Chiral Tridentate Ligand

Development of new or improved methods for the asymmetric preparation of chiral propargylic alcohols has gained considerable significance during the past years because they are useful building blocks for the synthesis of many biologically active compounds and natural products.[1] A series of chiral tridentate ligands were conveniently synthesized from amino acids with good yields (Scheme 1).[2] A preliminary study of the enantioselective alkynylation of benzaldehyde catalyzed by this chiral tridentate ligand was carried out and up to 83% ee of chiral propargyl alcohols was obtained (Table 1 ). A further investigation of the tridentate ligand is currently underway.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 〔P(CH_2Ph)Ph_3〕〔PdWS_4(S_2CNC_4H_8)〕

1INTRoDUCTIoNThiomolybdate(thiotungstate)isafundamentalunitoPsomemolybdenumen-zymesandplaysanimportantroleincoordinationchemistryasaligandforothermet-alstoformanalogouscompoundsofmetalloproteinst'3.Recentlyinterestingnonlinearoptical(NLO)propertieshavebeendiscoveredforthetypeofMo(W)-Cu(Ag)-Sclusterst2.33.Bythevarioussyntheticmethodsseveralhundredmixedmetalclustersandcomplexes,Mo(W)-M-S(M=transitionmetal),havebeensynthesizedt'i.AmongthesecompoundsthecasesofMbeingCu,Ag,Feareusualwhile…     

新型聚醚的合成与表征

用高活性催化剂催化环氧丙烷开环聚合得到一类新型高质量聚醚。对产物进行IR和NMR表征和分析,并探讨了合成工艺条件。结果表明,调节单体与调节剂的比例,控制反应温度在100 5℃,压力在0.15 ~ 0.25 MPa ,可得到不饱和度低、相对分子质量可控、相对分子质量分布窄的聚醚产品。