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31.
K. Sakurai Y. Kondo K. Miyazaki T. Okamoto S. Irie T. Sasaki 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(13):2595-2603
Aiming to develop a high‐performance fiber‐reinforced rubber from styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), we applied a special technique using electron‐beam (EB)‐irradiation‐induced graft polymerization to ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. The molecular interaction between the grafted UHMWPE fibers and an SBR matrix was studied through the evaluation of the adhesive behavior of the fibers in the SBR matrix. Although UHMWPE was chemically inert, two monomers, styrene and N‐vinyl formamide (NVF), were examined for graft polymerization onto the UHMWPE fiber surface. Styrene was not effective, but NVF was graft‐polymerized onto the UHMWPE fibers with this special method. A methanol/water mixture and dioxane were used as solvents for NVF, and the effects of the solvents on the grafting percentage of NVF were also examined. The methanol/water mixture was more effective. A grafting percentage of 16.4% was the highest obtained. This improved the adhesive force threefold with respect to that of untreated UHMWPE fibers. These results demonstrated that EB irradiation enabled graft polymerization to occur even on the inert surface of UHMWPE fibers. However, the mechanical properties of the fibers could be compromised according to the dose of EB irradiation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2595–2603, 2004 相似文献
32.
G. Z. Ruan S. Y. Wang Y. Yamamoto S. S. Zhu 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2004,123(2):409-429
In this paper, a model of a linear multilevel programming problem with dominated objective functions (LMPPD(l)) is proposed, where multiple reactions of the lower levels do not lead to any uncertainty in the upper-level decision making. Under the assumption that the constrained set is nonempty and bounded, a necessary optimality condition is obtained. Two types of geometric properties of the solution sets are studied. It is demonstrated that the feasible set of LMPPD(l) is neither necessarily composed of faces of the constrained set nor necessarily connected. These properties are different from the existing theoretical results for linear multilevel programming problems. 相似文献
33.
34.
New heuristics for over-constrained flight to gate assignments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We consider the over-constrained Airport Gate Assignment Problem where the number of flights exceed the number of gates available, and where the objectives are to minimize the number of ungated flights and the total walking distances. The problem is formulated as a binary quadratic programming problem. We design a greedy algorithm and use a Tabu Search meta-heuristic to solve the problem. The greedy algorithm minimizes ungated flights while we devise a new neighbourhood search technique, the Interval Exchange Move, which allows us flexibility in seeking good solutions, especially when flight schedules are dense in time. Experiments conducted give good results. 相似文献
35.
W Y Hung S Kucherenko N J Samsatli N Shah 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2004,55(8):801-813
In this paper, we present a new modelling approach for realistic supply chain simulation. The model provides an experimental environment for informed comparison between different supply chain policies. A basic simulation model for a generic node, from which a supply chain network can be built, has been developed using an object-oriented approach. This generic model allows the incorporation of the information and physical systems and decision-making policies used by each node. The object-oriented approach gives the flexibility in specifying the supply chain configuration and operation decisions, and policies. Stochastic simulations are achieved by applying Latin Supercube Sampling to the uncertain variables in descending order of importance, which reduces the number of simulations required. We also present a case study to show that the model is applicable to a real-life situation for dynamic stochastic studies. 相似文献
36.
In 1983, a preconditioner was proposed [J. Comput. Phys. 49 (1983) 443] based on the Laplace operator for solving the discrete Helmholtz equation efficiently with CGNR. The preconditioner is especially effective for low wavenumber cases where the linear system is slightly indefinite. Laird [Preconditioned iterative solution of the 2D Helmholtz equation, First Year's Report, St. Hugh's College, Oxford, 2001] proposed a preconditioner where an extra term is added to the Laplace operator. This term is similar to the zeroth order term in the Helmholtz equation but with reversed sign. In this paper, both approaches are further generalized to a new class of preconditioners, the so-called “shifted Laplace” preconditioners of the form Δφ−k2φ with
. Numerical experiments for various wavenumbers indicate the effectiveness of the preconditioner. The preconditioner is evaluated in combination with GMRES, Bi-CGSTAB, and CGNR. 相似文献
37.
38.
Y. A. Coutinho J. A. Martins Simões C. M. Porto 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1997,73(4):705-709
In this paper we investigate the effects of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the reaction e + e ? → W + W ?. We consider neutrino masses in the 1–10 TeV region. We show that at LEP II and NLC energies it is possible to use this processes to verify indirect evidence of heavy neutral particles with mixing angles of the order sin2 α = 0.01. We discuss the unitarity restrictions that can be obtained for vector singlet and fermion-mirror-fermion models. 相似文献
39.
L.-Q. Han S.-Y. Zhao Y.-D. Zhou P.-L. Zhang 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1997,65(3):399-402
Received: 18 June 1996/Revised version: 3 January 1997 相似文献
40.
Double-diffusive convection due to a cylindrical source submerged in a salt-stratified solution is numerically investigated
in this study. For proper simulation of the vortex generated around the cylinder, a computational domain with irregular shape
is employed. Flow conditions depend strongly on the thermal Rayleigh number, Ra
T
, and the buoyancy ratio, R
ρ. There are two types of onset of instability existing in the flow field. Both types are due to either the interaction of
the upward temperature gradient and downward salinity gradient or the interaction of the lateral temperature gradient and
downward salinity gradient. The onset of layer instability due to plume convection is due to the former, whereas, the onset
of layer instability of layers around the cylinder is due to the latter. Both types can be found in the flow field. The transport
mechanism of layers at the top of the basic plume belongs to former while that due to basic plume and layer around the cylinder
are the latter. The increase in Ra
T
reinforces the plume convection and reduces the layer numbers generated around the cylinder for the same buoyancy ratio.
For the same Ra
T
, the increase of R
ρ suppresses the plume convection but reinforces the layers generated around the cylinder. The profiles of local Nusselt number
reflects the heat transfer characteristics of plume convection and layered structure. The profiles of averaged Nusselt number
are between the pure conduction and natural convection modes and the variation is due to the evolution of layers.
Received on 13 September 1996 相似文献