全文获取类型
收费全文 | 58887篇 |
免费 | 776篇 |
国内免费 | 302篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 27361篇 |
晶体学 | 1026篇 |
力学 | 3199篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
数学 | 4652篇 |
物理学 | 23719篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 535篇 |
2021年 | 478篇 |
2020年 | 446篇 |
2019年 | 424篇 |
2018年 | 571篇 |
2017年 | 496篇 |
2016年 | 891篇 |
2015年 | 635篇 |
2014年 | 987篇 |
2013年 | 2495篇 |
2012年 | 2331篇 |
2011年 | 3009篇 |
2010年 | 2123篇 |
2009年 | 2173篇 |
2008年 | 2750篇 |
2007年 | 2587篇 |
2006年 | 2452篇 |
2005年 | 2175篇 |
2004年 | 1987篇 |
2003年 | 1752篇 |
2002年 | 1646篇 |
2001年 | 3005篇 |
2000年 | 2148篇 |
1999年 | 1554篇 |
1998年 | 1080篇 |
1997年 | 1057篇 |
1996年 | 884篇 |
1995年 | 783篇 |
1994年 | 704篇 |
1993年 | 623篇 |
1992年 | 951篇 |
1991年 | 946篇 |
1990年 | 849篇 |
1989年 | 747篇 |
1988年 | 731篇 |
1987年 | 795篇 |
1986年 | 654篇 |
1985年 | 882篇 |
1984年 | 828篇 |
1983年 | 568篇 |
1982年 | 562篇 |
1981年 | 533篇 |
1980年 | 496篇 |
1979年 | 620篇 |
1978年 | 650篇 |
1977年 | 660篇 |
1976年 | 575篇 |
1975年 | 481篇 |
1974年 | 521篇 |
1973年 | 450篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
In this paper we considere + e ? scattering with intermediate photon-photon scattering as a possibility for getting information about the nonlinear effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED) at high energies. This process is a higher-order correction to double bremsstrahlung. However, these two processes have quite different behaviour with the photon-photon scattering angle. Here we calculate the unpolarized differential cross section of thee + e ? scattering with intermediate γγ scattering and also the interference terms with the double bremsstrahlung. Moreover, we show that the sum of these two contributions predominates over the contribution of the double bremsstrahlung for sufficiently large scattering angles of the photons. This result enables us to extract the differential cross section of the γγ scattering. Through extrapolation to different kinematical conditions we can get the cross sections for nearly real photon-photon scattering, photon splitting and Delbrück scattering. As a quantitative example we use the result for a test of the electron propagator in a gauge-invariant way with the usual minimal interaction. We give also numerical examples of this test, which will improve the present values of the testing parameters. 相似文献
52.
A. Jarid M. Aaid Y. Legoux J. Merini M. Loudet D. Gonbeau G. Pfister-Guillouzo 《Chemical physics》1991,150(3):353-360
The electronic and structural characteristics of CrF5, CrF4, RuF5 and RuF4 were studied. Ab initio (SCF-CI) calculations were performed with different structures and spin states for each complex. The favored conformation always corresponds to the highest multiplicity: doublet for CrF5 in D3h, triplet for CrF4 in Td, quadruplet for RuF5 in C4v and quintuplet for RuF4 in D4h symmetry. 相似文献
53.
X. Luo F. Y. Shi J. X. Lin 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1991,12(2):141-147
Detection of COCl2, a highly toxic gas in chemical industry, using laser photoacoustic spectroscopy is presented. The spectrophone system used has a broad band LN2 cooled CW CO laser as a source of radiation, which operates from 4.8–8.4 um in the mid-infrared. Using an extracavity open longitudinal resonant cell, absorption signals to about 30 CO laser lines in the 5.45 um region could be observed. detection sensitivity has been estimated to be ppb order.This work has been supported by the NSFC 相似文献
54.
S. G. Charati A. Y. Houde S. S. Kulkarni M. G. Kulkarni 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1991,29(8):921-931
Polymer packing density can be conveniently measured by either density-based measurements (direct or estimated free volume) or wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) spectra. Previously reported diffusivity and permeability values for various polyarylates and polyimides are examined on the basis of the packing density measured by these different techniques. It is shown that in these rigid glassy polymers, the mean intersegmental distance, the d-spacing, obtained from WAXD provides a better measure of the effect of polymer packing on diffusivity than either direct density measurements or estimated free volumes. It has been possible to correlate previously reported diffusivity and sorption data for various polyarylates and polycarbonate on the basis of the WAXD investigation, using the d-spacing and the amorphous peak width, respectively. The effect of polyarylate structure on d-spacing has been studied. A series of polyarylates have been synthesized with different substituents on the bridge carbon. In this series the d-spacing remains constant while the carbonyl group density and the glass transition temperatures are varied. However, small substituents on the aromatic ring cause significant changes in the d-spacing. These results can be used to tailor polyarylates with desired intersegmental distances and chain flexibility. 相似文献
55.
High resolution synchrotron X-ray measurements have been performed on the uniaxial and biaxial phases of the lyotropic mixture potassuim laurate, decanol and water. An elegant magnetic orientational procedure allows us to obtain the cut of the reciprocal space image of the biaxial phase at the plane perpendicular to the amphiphilic bilayer. The analysis of densitometric profiles of the diffracted bands indicate an anisotropic micellar correlation in the plane of the amphiphilic bilayer. It is suggested that an anisotropic distribution of decanol and potassium laurate in this plane could be responsible for this effect. 相似文献
56.
S. Nakano Y. Kuwano M. Ohnishi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1986,41(4):267-274
The super chamber, a separated UHV reaction-chamber system has been developed. A conversion efficiency of 11.7% was obtained for an a-Si solar cell using a high-quality i-layer deposited by the super chamber, and a p-layer fabricated by a photo-CVD method.As a new material, amorphous superlattice-structure films were fabricated by the photo-CVD method for the first time. Superlattice structure p-layer a-Si solar cells were fabricated, and a conversion efficiency of 10.5% was obtained.For the fabrication of integrated type a-Si solar cell modules, a laser pattering method was investigated. A thermal analysis of the multilayer structure was done. It was confirmed that selective scribing for a-Si, TCO and metal film is possible by controlling the laser power density. Recently developed a-Si solar power generation systems and a-Si solar cell roofing tiles are also described. 相似文献
57.
A kinetic model is presented to describe the high temperature (1800 K < T < 3000 K) surface oxidation of particulate boron in a hydrocarbon combustion environment. The model includes a homogeneous gas-phase B/O/H/C oxidation mechanism consisting of 19 chemical species and 58 forward and reverse elementary reactions, multi-component gas-phase diffusion, and a heterogeneous surface oxidation mechanism consisting of ‘elementary’ adsorption and desorption reaction steps. Thermochemical and kinetic parameters for the surface reactions are estimated from available experimental data and/or elementary transition state arguments. The kinetic processes are treated using a generalized kinetics code, with embedded sensitivity analysis, for the combustion of a one-dimensional (particle radius), spherical particle. Model results are presented for the oxidation of a 200 μm boron particle in a JP-4/air mixture at ambient temperatures of 1400 K and 2000 K. These results include temperature and gas-phase species profiles as a function of radial distance and particle burning rates. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
58.
A. Thomasson S. Geffroy E. Frejafon D. Weidauer R. Fabian Y. Godet M. Nominé T. Ménard P. Rairoux D. Moeller J.P. Wolf 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2002,74(4-5):453-459
Continuous mapping of an ozone episode in Paris in June 1999 has been performed using a differential absorption lidar system.
The 2D ozone concentration vertical maps recorded over 33 h at the Champ de Mars are compiled in a video clip that gives access
to local photochemical dynamics with unprecedented precision. The lidar data are compared over the whole period with point
monitors located at 0-, 50-, and 300-m altitudes on the Eiffel Tower. Very good agreement is found when spatial resolution,
acquisition time, and required concentration accuracy are optimized. Sensitivity to these parameters for successful intercomparison
in urban areas is discussed.
Received: 11 February 2002 / Published online: 14 March 2002 相似文献
59.
Thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and density of polyvinyl chloride/polycaprolactone (PVC/PCL) blends were measured by the laser flash method, DSC, and pycnometry, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the PVC/PCL blends was determined from the results. The miscibility of the blend and crystallinity of PCL were determined by DSC. The effect of blend structure on thermal conductivity is discussed. The phase compositions of the PVC/PCL blends are of three types depending on PCL content: i.e., up to 33%, from 33 to 70%, and above 70% PCL by weight. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity of the PVC/PCL blends are strongly affected by the phase composition of the blend, which changes in a complicated way with PCL content. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
60.
Three-dimensional astigmatic resonators, typical examples of which are the resonators bounded by cylindrical-spherical mirrors and cylindrical-cylindrical mirrors oriented at an arbitrary crossed angle, are investigated in detail by using a complex curvature tensor concept and generalized tensor ABCD law. Computerized numerical calculations illustrate some interesting characteristics of these astigmatic resonators. 相似文献