Preparation of ZrO2/silicone hybrid materials for LED encapsulation via in situ sol‐gel reaction

Organic silicones have been used as encapsulant materials for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for many years, while their performances need to be improved in order to satisfy the requirements of high‐power LEDs. A ZrO₂/silicone hybrid resin (ZHR) was synthesized for LEDs encapsulation by in situ sol‐gel reactions. The oligosiloxane was synthesized as polymeric matrix by nonaqueous sol‐gel condensation using diphenylsilanediol (DPSD), vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), and 3‐methacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as monomers. Then zirconium propoxide was added into this polymeric matrix to be hydrolyzed to obtain the hybrid resin with a uniform dispersion of ZrO₂ nanoparticles. The Si–O–Zr covalent bond was detected and benefited for excellent dispersibility of the ZrO₂ nanoparticles and the well compatibility between organic and inorganic phases. The cured ZHR with 5 wt% ZrO₂ content showed high light transmittance (greater than 80% in visible light range), high refractive index (=1.56), and high thermal stability (no yellowing at 150°C for 240 hours). The luminous flux of the LED chip with ZHR encapsulant was 10% higher than that of the pure silicone resin, suggesting that ZHR has great application potential in the field of LED packaging.     

单癸酸甘油酯的制备及理化性质

以浓硫酸催化剂、癸酸和甘油为原料,通过酯化合成、分子蒸馏分离纯化制备高纯度单癸酸甘油酯,并采用气相色谱法测定其纯度。采用X-射线衍射法、偏光显微镜法、示差扫描量热法、低场脉冲核磁共振法、分光光度法、倒置荧光显微镜法和热重-差热分析法分别测定分析单癸酸甘油酯的晶体结构,结晶微观形貌,等温结晶和熔融特性,固体脂肪含量,乳化能力、乳液颗粒形貌及热稳定性等理化性质。结果表明:单癸酸甘油酯酯化合成的最佳条件为料液摩尔比2.51,反应温度130℃,催化剂用量2%,反应时间2.5h;二级分子蒸馏分离纯化最佳条件:I级蒸馏温度110℃、体系残压20Pa,Ⅱ级蒸馏温度150℃、体系残压10Pa,进料速度250g·h-1,转子转速300rad·min-1,冷凝温度为45℃,制得95.8%的高纯度单癸酸甘油酯,其得率为45.3%。单癸酸甘油酯具有同质多晶性,常温下具有α、β’、β3种晶型,以β’为主,常温颗粒粗大,呈叶片状;在升温速率为5、10、15℃·min-1时,其熔点分别为48.43、49.21和54.78℃;具有可塑性,25℃时其固体脂肪含量为77.70%;乳化能力强,其在油水比4:6时,4%单癸酸甘油酯添加量时乳化效果较好;低于170℃时其热稳定性较好。     

氮化镓籽晶的表面损伤处理及氨热生长研究

籽晶的表面损伤会导致后续生长的晶体位错增多.为了降低籽晶表面的损伤,通常采用粗磨-精磨-抛光的多步过程处理的晶片作为籽晶,工艺步骤多、复杂,成本高.本文采用磷酸去除表面损伤层的粗磨GaN与化学机械抛光的GaN分别作为籽晶,对比了两种籽晶氨热生长后晶体表面、生长速率、结晶质量、应力状况.光学显微镜表明两种籽晶生长后晶体的表面具有相似的丘状表面.氨热法生长速率较慢,化学机械抛光籽晶生长速率略高于粗磨籽晶.X射线单晶衍射(XRD) (002)和(102)的摇摆曲线半高宽显示抛光籽晶与粗磨籽晶生长得到GaN结晶质量基本一致.Raman E2(high)频移表明抛光籽晶生长的GaN晶体接近无应力状态,粗磨籽晶生长的晶体存在较小的压应力.     

Self‐adhesive epoxy modified silicone materials for light emitting diode encapsulation

In this paper, we prepared the light emitting diode (LED) encapsulant with self‐adhesion and high refractive index. In order to improve adhesion properties, we synthesized a series of multifunctional polysiloxanes with different contents of epoxy groups via the sol–gel condensation of methylvinyldimethoxysilane, diphenylsilanediol and 3‐glycidoxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane. The structures of epoxyphenylvinyl silicone (EPVS) resins were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier‐transform infrared. The effect of epoxy group content on the adhesion property of EPVS resins was fully studied. The performances of the LED encapsulation materials based on EPVS resins were investigated in detail. These self‐adhesive encapsulating materials showed excellent thermal stability, a high refractive index of 1.55 and good adhesive property. These EPVSs can be used as an adhesion promoter for LED encapsulation materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热物质中离子组态分布对光电过程的影响

基于含温有界全相对论自洽场平均原子模型,用最大熵原理确定离子类型的出现概率,用微扰方法计算离子结构并用统计的方法对数以百万计的离子贡献作了求和计算。最后,给出了热物质中光电消光系数的统计求和公式。     

在线社交网络中群体互动行为的时间特征

针对在线社交网络中群体互动行为,运用有偏扩散理论,构建有偏扩散模型,从任务的间隔时间τ与执行时间θ的关系视角,系统地阐述了群体互动活动中群体发帖行为与事件行为的时间间隔分布特征.针对群体用户发帖时τ≥θ的特征,论证群体用户发帖时间间隔的幂律分布机理.针对事件时τ>>θ的特征,论证了事件时间间隔具有指数效应的幂律分布机理,实验结果与理论推导吻合.     

Disrupted functional connectivity in social anxiety disorder: a resting-state fMRI study

Dysfunction of the corticolimbic circuitry has been highlighted in social anxiety disorder (SAD) during social stimuli. However, few studies have investigated functional connectivity in SAD during the resting state, which may improve our understanding of SAD pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether whole-brain functional connectivity might be aberrant in SAD patients, and if so, whether these changes are related to the measured clinical severity. Seventeen SAD patients and 19 healthy controls participated in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The brain was first divided into 90 paired brain regions and functional connectivity was then estimated by temporal correlation between each of these regions. Furthermore, connections that were significantly disrupted in SAD patients were correlated with clinical severity measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Compared with healthy controls, SAD patients showed decreased positive connections within the frontal lobe and decreased negative connections between the frontal and occipital lobes. In particular, the weaker negative connections between the frontal lobe, which mainly involved the right median prefrontal cortex, and the occipital lobe had a significant positive correlation with the severity of SAD symptoms. The results support the hypothesis that some abnormalities of functional connectivity exist in SAD patients, which relate to the frontal cortex and occipital cortex. In addition, decreased functional connectivity between the frontal and occipital lobes and within the frontal lobe might be related to abnormal information processing and reflect disturbed neural organization resulting in defective social cognition, which could represent an early imaging biomarker for SAD.     

Tribological Properties of Polycarbonate Blended with High‐density Polyethylene and High‐density Polyethylene Grafted with Maleic Anhydride

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and maleic anhydride grafted HDPE (HDPE‐g‐MA) were selected as lubricant and compatibilizer, respectively, for improving the tribological and mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC). The morphology of worn surfaces and debris was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mated steel ring surface was analyzed by using SEM combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Both HDPE and HDPE‐g‐MA reduced the friction and wear of pure PC. HDPE‐g‐MA, which had a better compatibility with PC than HDPE, resulted in better improvement of the mechanical and tribological properties of the PC matrix. A 10 vol. % HDPE‐g‐MA reduced the wear of pure PC by 4 orders of magnitude, and the friction coefficient was reduced from 0.86 to 0.22. Such improvements in the tribological behavior resulted from the good self lubrication of HDPE and HDPE‐g‐MA. The PC/HDPE‐g‐MA (S_90‐0‐10) polyblend also showed higher notched impact strength than pure PC. It may be a useful material for application in tribological fields.     

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Self-Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites

25%, 50%, and 75% polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) long fiber reinforced PPS resin were prepared by a hot pressing method. Neat resin PPS and PPS fiber samples were also prepared to compare with the self-reinforced PPS composites. The reinforcing fibers were preheat treated at 240°C for 24 h. The tribological properties of the self-reinforced PPS composites against an AISI 1045 steel ring were determined by a block on ring type friction tester. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that a higher degree of crystallinity was retained in the self-reinforced PPS composites than in neat PPS resin after hot pressing. Therefore, the addition of PPS fiber improved both the mechanical and tribological properties of PPS resin significantly. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated that the PPS fibers increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PPS resin. SEM images of the fracture surfaces indicated that the toughness of the samples increased with increasing PPS fiber content. Additionally, PPS fibers improved the tribological properties of PPS resin by significantly reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate.     

带式浮桥在不同移动荷载作用下的动力响应分析

为分析浮桥上移动荷载的重量与移动速度对浮桥动力响应的影响,应用有限元方法将控制方程进行离散,得到系统的运动方程,通过编写相应的计算程序求解了浮桥的位移响应,并利用有限元软件对已求解出的位移响应进行后处理,分别得到了不带铰浮桥和带铰浮桥在不同荷载重量、不同荷载移动速度下的内力响应曲线.数值模拟结果表明:随着荷载重量和荷载移动速度的增加,浮桥的位移和应力也随之增加;当移动荷载的重量和移动速度相同时,带铰浮桥的应力比不带铰浮桥大得多,当230kN的荷载分别以1m/s、5m/s、10m/s、20m/s的速度移动到浮桥中点时,带铰浮桥的最大应力比不带铰浮桥分别大114%、117%、108%、111%.因此,将浮桥简化为连续梁用平均刚度法求解出位移响应后,不能直接求解应力,应当考虑铰对浮桥动力响应的影响,否则求解出的应力偏小,不利于浮桥安全系数的计算.