Multicaloric and coupled-caloric effects

The multicaloric effect refers to the thermal response of a solid material driven by simultaneous or sequential application of more than one type of external field.For practical applications,the multicaloric effect is a potentially interesting strategy to improve the efficiency of refrigeration devices.Here,the state of the art in multi-field driven multicaloric effect is reviewed.The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect are well established.A number of theoretical and experimental research approaches are covered.At present,the theoretical understanding of the multicaloric effect is thorough.However,due to the limitation of the current experimental technology,the experimental approach is still in progress.All these researches indicated that the thermal response and effective reversibility of multiferroic materials can be improved through multicaloric cycles to overcome the inherent limitations of the physical mechanisms behind single-field-induced caloric effects.Finally,the viewpoint of further developments is presented.     

水分子在氢化锂表面的吸附行为

运用理论分析方法计算研究了水分子在氢化锂表面的吸附行为,分析了氢化锂表面改性对其疏水性能的影响。结果表明,在LiH-111面和LiH-100面上构建槽结构、柱状结构后,水分子在其上的吸附力比完整表面更强,说明表面微结构的引入的确改变了势能分布。壁相交处存在势能叠加,加强了吸附水分子的能力,但是没有引起表面的亲水性能变化。水分子可以稳定的吸附在完美的LiH（001）表面,其解离能垒仅为0.386 eV,这一解离反应在室温下完全可以进行。水分子极易在具有结构缺陷的LiH表面解离,这是LiH在一定湿度的空气和水环境中极易分解的根本原因。     

基于粒子滤波和人工势场法的放射源搜寻方法

针对放射源搜寻过程中难度大、定位精度低等问题,提出了一种适用于移动机器人的自主寻源方法。该方法利用移动机器人搭载辐射探测器采集的剂量计数值,根据γ射线的衰减规律建立辐射衰减模型;在机器人前进的过程中利用粒子滤波算法对放射源的参数进行实时估计;采用高斯分布函数对重采样后的粒子进行自适应更新,保证重采样后的粒子具有多样性;根据辐射环境创建机器人路径规划模型,采用人工势场法规划机器人的自主寻源路径。实验在Matlab下进行了仿真验证,结果表明,该方法在有遮挡环境下能够搜寻到未知的单点源,同时自适应更新能够提高算法的稳定性,缩小寻源误差。     

Distinguishability and Disturbance in the Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Using the Mean Multi-Kings’ Problem

We introduce a quantum key distribution protocol using mean multi-kings’ problem. Using this protocol, a sender can share a bit sequence as a secret key with receivers. We consider a relation between information gain by an eavesdropper and disturbance contained in legitimate users’ information. In BB84 protocol, such relation is known as the so-called information disturbance theorem. We focus on a setting that the sender and two receivers try to share bit sequences and the eavesdropper tries to extract information by interacting legitimate users’ systems and an ancilla system. We derive trade-off inequalities between distinguishability of quantum states corresponding to the bit sequence for the eavesdropper and error probability of the bit sequence shared with the legitimate users. Our inequalities show that eavesdropper’s extracting information regarding the secret keys inevitably induces disturbing the states and increasing the error probability.     

Effects on the evolution of microstructure and properties of low-silicon cast aluminum alloys in service

ABSTRACT

The microstructure evolution and property change of four kinds of low silicon cast aluminum alloy exposed to heat for 0–50?h at 200°C were studied by means of Brinell hardness test, tensile property test, friction and wear property test and XRD analysis. The results show that with increasing thermal exposure time, the tensile strength of each group of samples decreased and the amount of wear increased. The tensile strength of samples with more Si content decreased slowly. When the time increased to 50?h, the increase of wear loss was the largest. The hardness of samples after thermal exposure increases compared with that before thermal exposure. The residual stress of (311) diffraction crystal surface of AlSi3.5Mg0.66 under different thermal exposure time was measured. The type of residual stress changed from residual tensile stress to residual compressive stress after thermal exposure. There is an abnormal phenomenon that the hardness of the sample increased and the amount of wear increased, and it is evident that the distribution of residual stress was inhomogeneous after thermal exposure. It is found that with increasing thermal exposure time to 50?h, the average lattice distortion ε of the low-index crystal plane and the high-index crystal plane in the aluminum alloys gradually increased.     

The bending stability and vibrations of cantilever rectangular plates

This paper discusses the problems of the bending, stability and vibrations of cantilever rectangular plates by means of the variational method. In the text a good many calculating examples are illustrated.     

THE APPLICATION OF WEINSTEIN-CHIEN’S METHOD——THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS OF FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF RECTANGULAR PLATES WITH EDGES ARE THE MIXTURE OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED POR-TIONS AND CLAMPED PORTIONS

In this paper, the method of relaxed boundary conditions is applied to rectangular plates with edges which are a sort of the mixture of simply supported portions and clamped portions, so that the lower limit of fundamental frequency of such plates is evaluated. A kind of polynomial satisfying the displacement boundary conditions is designed, os that it is enabled to evaluate the upper limit of fundamental frequency by Ritz’ method. The practical calculation examples solved by these methods have given satisfactory results. At the end of this paper, it is pointed out that the socalled exact solution of such plates usually evaluated by the force superposition method is essentially a kind of lower limit of solution, if the truncated error of series which occurs in actual calculation is considered.