2，4，6-三硝基间苯二酚钡一水化合物的热分解动力学(英)

0IntroductionBarium2,4,6鄄trinitroresorecinatemonohydrate,Ba(TNR)·H2O,hasgooddetonatingpropertiesandissensitivetoflame.Itcanbeusedasinitiatingagent,igniterpowderordelaypowder.Itspreparation[1],pro鄄perties[1],crystalstructure[1]andthermalbehavior[2]haveb…     

Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Acidity and Catalytic Performances of HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking of n-Butane

The acidic modulations of a series of HZSM-5 catalysts were successfully made by calcination at different treatment temperatures, i.e. 500, 600, 650, 700 and 800 ℃, respectively. The results indicated that the total acid amounts, their density and the amount of B-type acid of HZSM-5 catalysts rapidly decreased, while the amounts of L-type acid had almost no change and thus the ratio of L/B was obviously enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature (excluding 800 ℃). The catalytic performances of modified HZSM-5 catalysts for the cracking of n-butane were also investigated. The main properties of these catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption at low temperature, NH3-TPD, FTIR of pyridine adsorption and BET surface area measurements. The results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite pretreated at 800 ℃ had very low catalytic activity for n-butane cracking. In the calcination temperature range of 500-700 ℃, the total selectivity to olefins, propylene and butene were increased with the increase of calcination temperature, while, the selectivity for arene decreased with the calcination temperature.The HZSM-5 zeolite calcined at 700 ℃ produced light olefins with high yield, at the reaction temperature of 650 ℃ the yields of total olefins and ethylene were 52.8% and 29.4%, respectively. Besides, the more important role is that high calcination temperature treatment improved the duration stability of HZSM-5zeolites. The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 for cracking of n-butane was explored. It was found that the calcination temperature had large effects on the surface area, crystallinity and acid properties of HZSM-5 catalyst, which further affected the catalytic performance for n-butane cracking.     

Surface phase behavior and microstructure of lipid/PEG-emulsifier monolayer-coated microbubbles

Langmuir trough methods and fluorescence microscopy were combined to investigate the phase behavior and microstructure of monolayer shells coating micron-scale bubbles (microbubbles) typically used in biomedical applications. The monolayer shell consisted of a homologous series of saturated acyl chain phospholipids and an emulsifier containing a single hydrophobic stearate chain and polyethylene glycol (PEG) head group. PEG-emulsifier was fully miscible with expanded phase lipids and phase separated from condensed phase lipids. Phase coexistence was observed in the form of dark condensed phase lipid domains surrounded by a sea of bright, emulsifier-rich expanded phase. A rich assortment of condensed phase area fractions and domain morphologies, including networks and other novel structures, were observed in each batch of microbubbles. Network domains were reproduced in Langmuir monolayers under conditions of heating–cooling followed by compression–expansion, as well as in microbubble shells that underwent surface flow with slight compression. Domain size decreased with increased cooling rate through the phase transition temperature, and domain branching increased with lipid acyl chain length at high cooling rates. Squeeze-out of the emulsifier at a surface pressure near 35 mN/m was indicated by a plateau in Langmuir isotherms and directly visualized with fluorescence microscopy, although collapse of the solid lipid domains occurred at much higher surface pressures. Compression of the monolayer past the PEG-emulsifier squeeze-out surface pressure resulted in a dark shell composed entirely of lipid. Under certain conditions, the PEG-emulsifier was reincorporated upon subsequent expansion. Factors that affect shell formation and evolution, as well as implications for the rational design of microbubbles in medical applications, are discussed.     

Visually precise,low-damage,single-cell spatial manipulation with single-pixel resolution

The analysis of single living cells, including intracellular delivery and extraction, is essential for monitoring their dynamic biochemical processes and exploring intracellular heterogeneity. However, owing to the 2D view in bright-field microscopy and optical distortions caused by the cell shape and the variation in the refractive index both inside and around the cells, achieving spatially undistorted imaging for high-precision manipulation within a cell is challenging. Here, an accurate and visual system is developed for single-cell spatial manipulation by correcting the aberration for simultaneous bright-field triple-view imaging. Stereo information from the triple view enables higher spatial resolution that facilitates the precise manipulation of single cells. In the bright field, we resolved the spatial locations of subcellular structures of a single cell suspended in a medium and measured the random spatial rotation angle of the cell with a precision of ±5°. Furthermore, we demonstrated the visual manipulation of a probe to an arbitrary spatial point of a cell with an accuracy of <1 pixel. This novel system is more accurate and less destructive for subcellular content extraction and drug delivery.

We achieved the low-damage spatial puncture of single cells at specific visual points with an accuracy of <65 nm.     

Mechanical properties and stability measurement of cholesterol-containing liposome on mica by atomic force microscopy

The micromechanical properties of pure and cholesterol modified egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) vesicles prepared by sonication were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on mica surface. The force curves between an AFM tip and an unruptured vesicle were obtained by contact mode. During approach, two repulsion regions with two breaks were observed. The slopes of the two repulsive force regimes for the pure EggPC vesicles are determined to be several times lower than that of EggPC/cholesterol vesicles. The elastic properties from force plot analysis based on the Hertzian model showed that Young's modulus (E) and the bending modulus (kc) of cholesterol-modified vesicles increased several-fold compared with pure EggPC vesicles. The significant difference is attributed to the enhanced rigidity of the EggPC vesicles as a result of the incorporation of cholesterol molecules. The behavior of cholesterol-modified vesicles upon adsorption is different from that in solution as revealed by mechanical properties. The results indicate that AFM can provide a direct method to measure the mechanical properties of adsorbed small liposomes and to detect the stability change of liposomes.     

Preparation and proton conductivity of poly(N‐methylbenzimidazole) doped with acid

To increase the solubility and film forming ability of polybenzimidazole (PBI), poly(N‐methylbenzimidazole) (PNMBI) with different degrees of methylation was synthesized. Chemical structure, degree of substitution, and solubility of PNMBI was studied. PNMBI is easier to be doped with acid than PBI. The basicity of PNMBI was improved with the introduction of methyl groups on the imidazole moiety. Effects of methylation degree, H₃PO₄ content and temperature on proton conductivity of PNMBI doped H₃PO₄ was studied. Proton conductivity of H₃PO₄ doped PNMBI‐1.2 membranes increases with increasing doping level. Temperature dependence of proton conductivity of H₃PO₄ doped PNMBI‐1.2 membranes follows the Arrhenius law. With an increase in the degree of substitution, proton conductivity of H₃PO₄ doped PNMBI decreases dramatically. The proton transport mechanism was also discussed. The proton conductivity of PNMBI/H₃PO₄ is mainly contributed by proton hopping or Grotthuss mechanism. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Four New Nortriterpenoids from Phlomis umbrosa

Four new 28‐noroleanane‐derived spirocyclic triterpenoids, compounds 1 – 4 , were isolated from the rhizomes of Phlomis umbrosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analyses, in combination with high‐resolution MS experiments.     

用双表面活性剂为共模板合成中孔分子筛MCM-48

利用水热法以非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为共模板合成了中孔分子筛MCM-48.实验中发现利用较强的范德华力和氢键,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚可在很大程度上降低合成MCM-48所需阳离子表面活性剂的用量,且利于制备有序性好、骨架聚合度高、稳定性好的MCM-48.通过调节聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的比例,可得到不同物相结构的分子筛.     

“双一流”背景下高等农业院校有机化学基础课程教学新模式的构建及实践

The crop science of Sichuan Agricultural University is an authorized first-class discipline. As the strategic supporting department for innovative talent cultivation in agriculture and forestry major, we are facing a long-term challenge in reforming the teaching mode for basic course-organic chemistry and cultivating talented students with solid basic knowledge and strong sense of innovation. Herein a thorough survey was performing to establish the executable teaching programs for this course during the "Double-First Class Universities Plan" period. A multidimensional teaching resource library for organic chemistry course was also constructed. The new classroom teaching mode "Interest cultivation-Creative thought development-Autonomous and Cooperative learning", along with a stepwise practice teaching mode "Foundation skills-Integrated application-Innovative trial" was proposed and practiced among thirty-five majors including agriculture, forestry and veterinary, to improve the quality for innovative talent cultivation and support our first-class discipline construction. This research could probably serve as a reference for congeneric agricultural university.