Be(d,n)反应中子源能谱测量及应用

 利用中子飞行时间技术和BC501A液体闪烁探测器的粒子分辨特性,测量了0°方向、20 MeV氘束轰击厚金属铍靶反应产生的中子源能谱,测量的中子能谱范围为0.7～25.0 MeV。在60°方向放置芪晶体闪烁探测器,由刻度好的BC501A液体闪烁探测器归一校正后,用于中子源强度监测。利用Be(d, n) 反应中子源,采用单粒子灵敏度标定方法,实验标定了0.75~15.75 MeV能量范围内的薄膜闪烁探测器中子能量响应曲线,实验结果与蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果在8%的不确定度范围内一致。     

高功率激光装置打靶精度测试技术

 多路激光打靶精度在惯性约束聚变实验中起着至关重要的作用,提出了基于X光针孔相机的激光打靶精度测试方法。根据显微镜读取的靶平面坐标系的靶孔中心坐标及打多孔靶后X光针孔相机所记录的靶孔中心坐标,建立靶平面坐标系和X光针孔相机坐标系之间的转换关系;通过打焦斑靶,建立焦斑模板,采用套模板的方法,读取X光针孔相机坐标系中焦斑中心坐标;由靶平面坐标系和X光针孔相机坐标系之间的转换关系,求出靶平面坐标系中焦斑中心坐标,计算得到激光打靶精度,分析打靶精度测试结果的不确定度,从而给出多路激光打靶精度测量技术和方法。     

Widely tunable amplified spontaneous emission of Pyrromethene-650-doped nematic liquid crystal

We study amplified spontaneous emission of Pyrromethene-650-doped nematic liquid crystal deposited onto quartz and glass substrates. We prepare samples with different dye-doped concentrations pumped with a Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. With an applied electric field, a tuning range of the amplified spontaneous emission of more than 20 nm was realized in each sample due to changing the effective refractive index of the nematic-liquid-crystal layer caused by the reorientation of nematic-liquid-crystal molecules. We show that there exist a threshold voltage and a saturation voltage for all the samples. With the increase in the dye-doped concentration, the peak wavelength of the amplified spontaneous emission has a red shift of about several nanometers.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phillyrin from Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines, and possesses important biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Phillyrin is the main bioactive component of Forsythia suspensa. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction of phillyrin from Forsythia suspensa was studied with HPLC-photodiode array detection. Effects of several experimental parameters, such as type and concentration of extracting solvent, ratio of liquid to material, extraction temperature, and time of sonication on extraction efficiencies of phillyrin from Forsythia suspensa were evaluated. The optimal extraction conditions were 1g plant sample with 10 ml of 20% methanol and the extraction for 60 min at 60°C under ultrasonic irradiation. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of phillyrin was 0.713±0.009 mg/g. The results indicated that the ultrasound-assisted extraction is a very useful method for the extraction of important phytochemicals from plant materials.     

Phase-controlled preparation of iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanocrystallines for heavy metal removal

Obtaining cost-effective iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanocrystallines is the essential prerequisite for their future extensive applications in environmental remediation, such as the removal of heavy metals from contaminated waters. Here, various phases of iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanocrystallines were simply synthesized from the phase-controlled transformation of amorphous hydrous ferric- or ferrous-oxide in thermal solution with a certain ethanol/water ratio and with the presence of oleic acid. According to this method, goethite nanorods in diameter of 3–4 nm, hematite nanocubes sized 20–30 nm, and magnetite nanoparticles in diameter of 6–7 nm were successfully obtained. The final products of this transformation can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the reaction parameters, such as pH, temperature, and ethanol/water ratio. Due to the enhanced specific surface area and probably the modifications of the surface structure of nanocrystallines, the as-synthesized goethite nanorods and magnetite nanoparticles demonstrated extremely strong As(III) affinity, with 5.8 and 54 times of As(III) adsorption, respectively, higher than the micron-sized relatives. The cost-effective feature of as-synthesized nanocrystallines and their remarkably enhanced affinity toward arsenic made them potentially applicable for the removal of arsenic and such like heavy metals from the contaminated environment.     

Beam deflection and splitting using transformation optics

We propose a scheme to achieve beam defecting and splitting using a method of embedded coordinate transformation [1]. In this method one boundary of transformation region is not involved in the transformation, which means beam defecting and splitting can be realized by changing the geometric construction. Although there is a discontinuous boundary, the impendence is matched between transformation media and surrounding media according to the conventional transformation optics. Full-wave numerical simulations further verify the theoretical analysis.     

Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein 4 (Asb-4) colocalizes with insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) in the hypothalamic neurons and mediates IRS4 degradation

Background

Cigarette smoking enhances the risk of stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study established an in vivo rat secondhand cigarette smoking (SHS) model and examined the hypothesis that SHS upregulates endothelin receptors with increased cerebrovascular contraction via the Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway.

Results

Rats were exposed to SHS for up to 8 weeks. The cerebral artery vasoconstriction was recorded by a sensitive myograph. The mRNA and protein expressions for endothelin receptors in cerebral arteries were studied by real-time PCR and Western blot. Compared to fresh air exposed rats, cerebral arteries from SHS rats exhibited stronger contractile responses (P < 0.05) mediated by endothelin type A (ET_A) receptors. The expressions of mRNA and protein for ET_A receptors in the cerebral arteries from SHS rats were higher (P < 0.05) than that in control. SHS did not affect endothelin type B (ET_B) receptor-mediated contractions, mRNA or protein levels. The results suggest that SHS upregulates ET_A, but not ET_B receptors in vivo. After SHS exposure, the mRNA levels of Raf-1 and ERK1/2, the protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-Raf-1 and p-ERK1/2 were increased (P < 0.05). Raf-1 inhibitor, GW5074 suppressed the enhanced ET_A receptor-mediated contraction, mRNA and protein levels induced by SHS. In addition, GW5074 inhibited the SHS-caused increased mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels of Raf-1 and ERK1/2, suggesting that SHS induces activation of the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway.

Conclusions

SHS upregulates cerebrovascular ET_A receptors via the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, which provides novel understanding of mechanisms involved in SHS-associated stroke.     

Radially polarized and passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with composite structure of gain medium

We report on a radially polarized and passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser.The bulk Nd:YAG crystal is bonded with two undoped YAG crystal end caps to weaken the thermal lens e?ect and thus,enhance the extraction of stored energy in the bulk gain material.In the absence of active water cooling,the average laser power reaches 383 mW with 33% slope efficiency,and the laser pulse achieves 1.457-W peak power,18.9-ns duration,and 13.9-kHz repetition rate with 97.6% polarization purity.     

Laser-induced quadrupoleben quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr

By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer is presented. Calculated results in Xe-Kr system show that in the present system, the laser-induced collision process occurs for ~4 ps, which is much shorter than the dipole-dipole laser-induced collisional energy transfer (LICET) process. The spectrum of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr system has wider tunable range in an order of magnitude than the dipole-dipole LICET spectra. The peak cross section decreases and moves to the quasi-static wing with increasing temperature and the full width at half peak of the profile becomes larger as the system temperature increases.     

Molecular dynamics simulations on local structure and diffusion in liquid TixAl1−x alloys

The microscopic structure and dynamics of liquid Ti_xAl_1-x alloys together with pure liquid Ti and Al metals were investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. This work gives the structural properties, including pair-correlation function, bond-angle distribution function, HA and Voronoi indices, and their composition dependence. The dynamical properties have also been studied. The calculated pair-correlation function, bond-angle distribution function, and HA and Voronoi indices suggest that the stoichiometric composition Ti_0.75Al_0.25 exhibits a different local structure order compared with other concentrations, which help us understand the appearance of the minimum diffusion coefficient at this composition. These results indicate that the mobility of atoms strongly depends on their atomic local structure.