全文获取类型
收费全文 | 38022篇 |
免费 | 6627篇 |
国内免费 | 4319篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 26104篇 |
晶体学 | 519篇 |
力学 | 2467篇 |
综合类 | 285篇 |
数学 | 4424篇 |
物理学 | 15169篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 143篇 |
2023年 | 777篇 |
2022年 | 1285篇 |
2021年 | 1310篇 |
2020年 | 1485篇 |
2019年 | 1415篇 |
2018年 | 1255篇 |
2017年 | 1174篇 |
2016年 | 1773篇 |
2015年 | 1760篇 |
2014年 | 2140篇 |
2013年 | 2692篇 |
2012年 | 3264篇 |
2011年 | 3399篇 |
2010年 | 2322篇 |
2009年 | 2288篇 |
2008年 | 2484篇 |
2007年 | 2234篇 |
2006年 | 2137篇 |
2005年 | 1651篇 |
2004年 | 1328篇 |
2003年 | 1120篇 |
2002年 | 1038篇 |
2001年 | 832篇 |
2000年 | 870篇 |
1999年 | 821篇 |
1998年 | 731篇 |
1997年 | 683篇 |
1996年 | 691篇 |
1995年 | 616篇 |
1994年 | 540篇 |
1993年 | 430篇 |
1992年 | 425篇 |
1991年 | 329篇 |
1990年 | 302篇 |
1989年 | 239篇 |
1988年 | 204篇 |
1987年 | 172篇 |
1986年 | 153篇 |
1985年 | 152篇 |
1984年 | 104篇 |
1983年 | 71篇 |
1982年 | 60篇 |
1981年 | 36篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
221.
222.
P. Xu Shining Zhu 《量子光学学报》2006,12(B08):85-85
An intense comb-shaped Raman spectra were obtained from a two-dimensional nonlinear x(2) photonic crystal - a hexagonally poled LiTaO3 crystal with lattice parameter 9 micros. The lowest Raman shift was down to 2 cm^-1 and the order of anti-stokes and stokes signals both achieved 11. The novel Raman spectra were mediated first by intense phonon-polariton fields, which were driven through the quasi-phase-matched coupling between the incident dual-beam both from an optical parametric oscillation laser, and further amplified greatly also by such quasi-phasematched nonlinear optical process. The dependence of the Raman spectra character on the wavelength and intensity of incident beams were studied in detail, which accordingly revealed information of the inelastic scattering and the elementary excitation in the nonlinear medium. These results on the other hand suggest technological importance for developing a novel Raman laser with the multi-wavelength output and a tunable frequency interval and for possible applications in quantum optics. 相似文献
223.
Let G is a simple graph,ω(G).△(G)、x(G)are maximum clique number ofG,maximum degree and chromatic number of G respectively.In[2],James defi-nes that(a,b,c)(where a,b,c are positive integer)is graphical if there existsG whichω(G)=a,x(G)=b,△(G)=c.We say G is on(a,b,c)and set P(a,b,(a,b,c)=min{|V(G)||G is on(a,b,c)}.All other signs are from[1]. 相似文献
224.
1974年,Neal根据Kac和Siegert的思想,给出了一个在电子工程、海洋工程、建筑工程、航空工程、自动控制的随机振动中有重要应用的二阶Volterra非线性系统对平稳正态输入的统计响应的表示定理.1984年,Naess对此定理又给出了一个数学证明.经过研究后发现,他们对定理条件的叙述都是模糊的,而且其数学证明都是有问题的.本文重新讨论了这个表示定理,给出了明确的定理条件及严格的数学证明,为它的广泛应用奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
225.
Jian-Min Zhang Xiang-Lei Song Ke-Wei Xu 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2006,67(4):714-719
The structures and energies of formation and migration of the mono- and di-vacancy in Cu crystal have been described and calculated with modified analytical embedded atom method (MAEAM). The lattice relaxation is considered with molecular dynamics (MD) method at T=0 K. The results show the FN di-vacancy is the most stable and likely occurs in practice from the energy minimization. Compared with the mono-vacancy, the formation energy of the FN di-vacancy is higher than that of a mono-vacancy, but lower than that of two isolated mono-vacancy. The preferred migration mechanism of the FN di-vacancy is multi-jump of either vacancy (rotating the di-vacancy). The calculated migration energy of the FN di-vacancy is lower than that of a mono-vacancy, so the FN di-vacancy is easier to migrate. All of the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. 相似文献
226.
227.
Wei‐Ling Wang Jian‐Wei Xu Yee‐Hing Lai 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(13):4154-4164
Bipyridinophane–fluorene conjugated copolymers have been synthesized via Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions from 5,8‐dibromo‐2,11‐dithia[3]paracyclo[3](4,4′)‐2,2′‐bipyridinophane and suitable fluorene precursors. Poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐alt‐5,8‐(2,11‐dithia[3]paracyclo[3](4,4′)‐2,2′‐bipyridinophane)] ( P7 ) exhibits large absorption and emission redshifts of 20 and 34 nm, respectively, with respect to its planar reference polymer Poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐alt‐1,4‐(2,5‐dimethylbenzene)] ( P11 ), which bears the same polymer backbone as P7 . These spectral shifts originate from intramolecular aromatic C? H/π interactions, which are evidenced by ultraviolet–visible and 1H NMR spectra as well as X‐ray single‐crystal structural analysis. However, the effect of the intramolecular aromatic C? H/π interactions on the spectral shift in poly[9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐yleneethynylene‐co‐alt‐5,8‐(2,11‐dithia[3]paracyclo[3](4,4′)‐2,2′‐bipyridinophane)] ( P10 ) is much weaker. Most interestingly, the quenching behaviors of these two conjugated polymers are largely dependent on the polymer backbone. For example, the fluorescence of P7 is efficiently quenched by Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Ag+ ions. In contrast, only Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions can partially quench the fluorescence of P10 , but much less efficiently than the fluorescence of P7 . The static Stern–Volmer quenching constants of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions toward P7 are of the order of 106 M?1, being 1300, 2500, and 37,300 times larger than those of P10 , respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4154–4164, 2006 相似文献
228.
Calcium lanthanide oxyborate doped with rare-earth ions LnCa4O(BO3)3:RE3+ (LnCOB:RE, Ln=Y, La, Gd, RE=Eu, Tb, Dy, Ce) was synthesized by the method of solid-state reaction at high temperature. Their fluorescent spectra were measured from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to visible region at room temperature. Their excitation spectra all have a broadband center at about 188 nm, which is ascribed to host absorption. Using Dorenbos’ and Jφrgensen's work [P. Dorenbos, J. Lumin. 91 (2000) 91, R. Resfeld, C.K. Jφrgensen, Lasers and Excite States of Rare Earth [M], Springer, Berlin, 1977, p. 45], the position of the lowest 5d levels E(Ln,A) and charge transfer band Ect were calculated and compared with their excitation spectra.Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions doped into LnCOB show efficient luminescence under VUV and UV irradiation. In this system, Ce3+ ions do not show efficient luminescence and quench the luminescence of Tb3+ ions when Tb3+ and Ce3+ ions are co-doped into LnCOB. GdCOB doped with Dy3+ shows yellowish white light under irradiation of 254 nm light for the reason that Gd3+ ions transfer the energy from itself to Dy3+. Because of the existence of Gd3+, the samples of GdCOB:RE3+ show higher excitation efficiency than LaCOB:RE3+ and YCOB:RE3+, around 188 nm, which indicates that the Gd3+ ions have an effect on the host absorption and can transfer the excitation energy to the luminescent center such as Tb3+, Dy3+ and Eu3+. 相似文献
229.
不同方法制备的CO2-3替换磷灰石固溶体晶体化学的FTIR研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用不同方法制备了CO2-3替换的磷灰石固溶体,利用FTIR结合XRD对其进行了晶体化学研究,结果表明均相沉淀法制备的碳羟磷灰石(CHAP)属B型替换且替换方式是[CO3·OH]四面体替换[PO4]四面体;固相离子交换法制备的CHAP属A型替换且替换方式是[CO3]三角形配位体替换通道位置的OH-;固相反应法制备的碳氟磷灰石(CFAP)属B型替换,其替换方式是[CO3·F]四面体替换[PO4]四面体;sol-gel法制备的CHAP属AB混合型替换,其Ψ3分裂为Ψ3-1,Ψ3F,Ψ3-4.高斯函数法拟合表明Ψ3F峰是A型替换的Ψ3-2与B型替换的Ψ3-3的叠合.当WCO2-3<3.34%时,随CO2-3含量增加,A型替换量增大,且当WCO2-3=3.34%时达最大值,当3.34%<WCO2-3<7.52%时,随CO2-3含量增加,B型替换量增大,且当WCO2-3= 7.52%时亦到饱和. 相似文献
230.
对形如Nt×Nl型准二维无序系统,只考虑格点之间的最近邻跳跃积分,采用特殊的格点编号方案,在单电子近似下,系统的哈密顿量可表示为简明对称矩阵,借助豪斯荷尔德变换将其约化为对称三对角矩阵,再利用负本征值理论及传输矩阵等方法,对系统态密度、局域长度及电导等电子结构特性进行数值计算. 重点研究了准一维四平行链和五平行链无序系统, 将结果与一维单链、准一维双链及三链系统进行对比,发现随维度的增加,系统的能带有所展宽,能态密度分布发生很大的变化,其峰值数量呈偶数规律增加. 并且在能带中心处存在有局域长度大于系统大小的扩展态,处于这些态下的系统具有较大电导. 从单链到多链,相当于扩大了系统的关联范围,使系统出现了类似非对角长程关联的行为.
关键词:
准二维无序系统
态密度
局域长度
电导 相似文献