The cohesive interaction among polymer chains in a polyacrylamide (PAAm)–D2O solution has been studied by NMR relaxation. The NMR relaxation times of PAAm in the good solvent D2O were measured at different temperatures. The results show that the solution system has a high local viscosity and that its
relaxation characteristic is soft-solid-like. The temperature dependence of the relaxation behavior of the solution is obviously
different from that of ordinary polymer solutions. The difference lies in the relaxation behavior of the methylene protons
in the main chain of PAAm, as shown by analyzing the relaxation process with single exponential and biexponential decays.
As the temperature increases, the solvation is weakened, leading polymer chains to form curling coils, thus hindering the
movement of the methylene protons among the main chains. It can be expected from the existence of 80% fast-relaxing protons
that there are a zhigh number of entanglements among the polymer chains in PAAm solution. The information about entanglements
among the polymer chains can be deduced from the biexponential dependence of the spin–spin relaxation on the concentration
of the polymer solutions.
Received: 14 April 1999/Accepted in revised form: 12 October 1999 相似文献
2,7‐Diazapyrene is synthesized in three high‐yield steps from commercially available 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, which first reacts with concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature to give 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (96%). The latter compound is subsequently reduced with borane in refluxing tetrahydrofuran to give 1,2,3,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2,7‐diazapyrene (77%), which in turn is oxidized with manganese dioxide in refluxing benzene giving 2,7‐diazapyrene (71%). 相似文献
This paper investigates the intensity tuning characteristics of a double
longitudinal modes He--Ne laser subjected to optical feedback. The intensity
undulations of the total light and the two modes are observed for different external
cavity length. Two modulations of the internal cavity length are performed. One is
only for the internal cavity length being modulated and the other is for both the
internal and the external cavity length being modulated. The undulation frequency of
the total light is found to be determined by the ratio of external cavity length to
internal cavity length in both modulations. When the external cavity length is
integral times of the internal cavity length, the fringe frequency of the total
light could be seven or even more times of that in conventional optical feedback. A
simple theoretical analysis is presented, which is in good agreement with the
experimental results. The potential use of the experimental results is also
discussed. 相似文献
Based on the state equation of an ideal quantum gas, the regenerative loss of a
Stirling engine cycle working with an ideal quantum gas is calculated. Thermal
efficiency of the cycle is derived. Furthermore, under the condition of quantum
degeneracy, several special thermal efficiencies are discussed. Ratios of thermal
efficiencies versus the temperature ratio and volume ratio of the cycle are made. It
is found that the thermal efficiency of the cycle not only depends on high and low
temperatures but also on maximum and minimum volumes. In a classical gas state
the thermal efficiency of the cycle is equal to that of the Carnot cycle. In an ideal
quantum gas state the thermal efficiency of the cycle is smaller than that of the
Carnot cycle. This will be significant for deeper understanding of the gas Stirling
engine cycle. 相似文献
Summary: A facile and organic‐solvent‐free method for preparing thermoprocessable multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐filled thermoplastics is presented. MWCNTs are oxidized, neutralized, and then assembled with cationic soap‐free poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles directly in water. The spontaneous electrostatic coupling between the negatively charged MWCNTs and positively charged PMMA particles, and the viscoelastic and thermomechanical behavior of the nanocomposites, are investigated. The electrostatic coupling interactions improve the dispersion of nanotubes and facilitate the formation of filler networks in the polymer matrix.
Preparation of nanocomposites of oxidized MWCNTs and positively charged PMMA particles through electrostatic assembly. 相似文献
Summary: A tellurium‐based polymeric sufactant as a seleno‐enzyme model has been constructed by employing 11‐acryloyloxyundecyltriethylammonium bromide (AUTEAB, 4 ) and a tellurium‐containing compound ( 1 ). It demonstrates strong substrate binding ability for thiols and high glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity about 6 orders of magnitude more efficient than the well‐known GPx mimic PhSeSePh in an ArSH assay system. More importantly, a series of tellurium‐based polymeric micelle catalysts with the catalytic tellurium center located at various positions in the micelle have been constructed, and the dramatic difference in activity indicates that the exact match of the catalytic center and binding site plays a key role in enzyme catalytic efficiency.
Schematic representation of the proposed mode of the telluro‐micelle catalysts. 相似文献