二维InSe/SnSe2范德华异质结的电子结构和光学特性研究

本文构建了三种不同堆叠形式下的二维InSe/SnSe₂范德华异质结模型,利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法综合考察了二维InSe/SnSe₂三种不同堆叠情况下的几何构型及稳定性,在此基础上选取具有最稳定性能的构型.该异质结呈现出Ⅱ型能带对齐特征,带隙值为1.118 eV,可以实现电子-空穴的有效分离.另外,相比与单层二维InSe/SnSe₂范德华异质结的光吸收能力达到明显提升,在紫外光范围内吸收系数达到10~6 cm^-1.研究结果将为相关物理实验及机理研究提供理论基础,对二维InSe/SnSe₂范德华异质结在光电器件中的应用具有重要的物理意义.     

Investigation of Molecular Diffusion at Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Maximum Entropy Method-Based Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Single Molecule Tracking

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been widely used to investigate molecular diffusion behavior in various samples. The use of the maximum entropy method (MEM) for FCS data analysis provides a unique means to determine multiple distinct diffusion coefficients without a priori assumption of their number. Comparison of the MEM-based FCS method (MEM-FCS) with another method will reveal its utility and advantage as an analytical tool to investigate diffusion dynamics. Herein, we measured diffusion of fluorescent probes doped into nanostructured thin films using MEM-FCS, and validated the results with single molecule tracking (SMT) data. The efficacy of the MEM code employed was first demonstrated by analyzing simulated FCS data for systems incorporating one and two diffusion modes with broadly distributed diffusion coefficients. The MEM analysis accurately afforded the number of distinct diffusion modes and their mean diffusion coefficients. These results contrasted with those obtained by fitting the simulated data to conventional two-component and anomalous diffusion models, which yielded inaccurate estimates of the diffusion coefficients. Subsequently, the MEM analysis was applied to FCS data acquired from hydrophilic dye molecules incorporated into microphase-separated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) thin films characterized under a water-saturated N₂ atmosphere. The MEM analysis revealed distinct fast and slow diffusion components attributable to molecules diffusing on the film surface and inside the film, respectively. SMT studies of the same materials yielded trajectories for mobile molecules that appear to follow the curved PEO microdomains. Diffusion coefficients obtained from the SMT data were consistent with those obtained for the slow diffusion component detected by MEM-FCS. These results highlight the utility of MEM-FCS and SMT for gaining complementary information on molecular diffusion processes in heterogeneous material systems.

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Quantitative Analysis of Al in Flour Products by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least Squares

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Based on partial least squares (PLS) analysis, the effects of different smoothing points and different preprocessing methods on the accuracy and precision of the...     

Fixed point behavior of cumulants in the three-dimensional Ising universality class

High-order cumulants and factorial cumulants of conserved charges are suggested for the study of the critical dynamics in heavy-ion collision experiments. In this paper, using the parametric representation of the three-dimensional Ising model which is believed to belong to the same universality class as quantum chromo-dynamics, the temperature dependence of the second- to fourth-order (factorial) cumulants of the order parameter is studied. It is found that the values of the normalized cumulants are independent of the external magnetic field at the critical temperature, which results in a fixed point in the temperature dependence of the normalized cumulants. In finite-size systems simulated using the Monte Carlo method, this fixed point behavior still exists at temperatures near the critical. This fixed point behavior has also appeared in the temperature dependence of normalized factorial cumulants from at least the fourth order. With a mapping from the Ising model to QCD, the fixed point behavior is also found in the energy dependence of the normalized cumulants (or fourth-order factorial cumulants) along different freeze-out curves.     

衬底温度对MOCVD法沉积ZnO透明导电薄膜的影响

研究了衬底温度对MOCVD技术制备的ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电特性影响. XRD和SEM的研究结果表明，衬底温度对ZnO薄膜的微观结构有显著影响，明显的形貌转变温度大约发生在175℃，低于175℃，薄膜呈镜面结构，晶粒为球状，高于177℃的较高温度范围，薄膜从“类金字塔”状的绒面结构演化为“岩石”状显微组织；随着温度增加，薄膜的晶粒尺寸明显增大.绒面结构的未掺杂ZnO薄膜具有17.96 cm²/V·s的高迁移率和3.28×10^-2 Ω·cm的低电阻率，对ZnO薄膜的进一步掺杂和结构优化有望应用于Si薄膜太阳电池的前电极. 关键词： MOCVD ZnO薄膜 透明导电氧化物 太阳电池     

Gd基非晶与Gd纳米晶复合结构的磁制冷效应

通过调控冷却速率和成分配比, 制备出了Gd基非晶与Gd纳米晶的复合材料. 采用X射线衍射、热分析、原子力和磁力显微镜对其微结构进行表征, 从多个角度证实了非晶/纳米晶的复合结构. 磁性测试结果表明: 内生的纳米晶颗粒能有效改善非晶基体的磁熵效应, 相对于Gd基块体纯非晶和Gd单质, 复合体系的磁制冷效率大幅提高达到了10³ J. kg^-1; 磁熵变化峰Δ S _m的半高宽超过纯Gd的5倍; 最大磁熵变区出现平台区,但Δ S _m峰值有待于进一步提高. 理论分析表明, 复合结构中超顺磁纳米团簇的形成有效提高了磁制冷温区和效率. 结合磁滞小和电阻大等优点, Gd基非晶/Gd纳米晶复合材料具有一定的发展潜力.     

多壁碳纳米管薄膜的压阻效应研究

对多壁碳纳米管薄膜的压阻效应进行了研究. 实验所用的多壁碳纳米管用热灯丝化学气相沉积法合成, 压阻效应用三点弯曲法测量. 研究发现: 在室温下与500微应变内, 原始的多壁碳纳米管薄膜无明显压阻效应, 而经化学修饰处理的碳纳米管膜的压阻因子最高可达120左右, 大大超过多晶硅(Si)在35°C时的压阻因子30, 并且压阻因子与制备方法密切相关. 重点讨论了多壁碳纳米管薄膜产生压阻效应的机制.     

Rayleigh散射Doppler激光雷达风场反演方法改进

在Rayleigh散射Doppler激光雷达的风场反演过程中,除了温度、压强等因素之外,风速反演结果的 准确性还受到Mie散射信号的影响．当Mie散射信号较强时,尤其是遇到高层云或火山灰等情况,如果仍不考虑 气溶胶信号,由于温度不确定度和气溶胶信号的综合影响,风速反演结果将与真值偏差很大．本文提出了利用 激光雷达在垂直方向的测量信号同时反演后向散射比和大气温度的非线性迭代算法,并优化给出了最佳的 初始发射激光工作点．仿真试验结果表明:该方法可以准确有效地反演后向散射比;将该方法结合非线性迭代 风速反演方法,可以有效消除气溶胶后向散射信号的影响,进一步提高大气风速和温度的反演精度．     

Omni-directional mirror for visible light based on one-dimensional photonic crystal

The omni-directional reflection characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of Ta 2 O 5 /MgF 2 multi-quantum well (MQW) are studied using the transfer matrix method. An omni-directional reflector consisting of three and four Ta 2 O 5 /MgF 2 MQWs is investigated. Results show that the photonic band gap of the photonic crystal composed of three and four Ta 2 O 5 /MgF 2 MQWs, which are within the wavelength ranges of 402–712 and 412–1,023 nm, respectively, could cover the entire visible region. The relationship among the width of the band gap, its location, reflectivity rate, and incident angle of the incident light is analyzed. The optimal structural parameters of the MQW of the omni-directional reflector in the visible region are also calculated. The calculations provide a guide for the design of omni-directional reflection devices in the visible region.