Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation/semipinacol rearrangement sequence: a concise route to the core of pseudoindoxyl alkaloids

A visible light-induced photocatalytic aerobic oxidation/semipinacol rearrangement has been successfully developed. This methodology allows for efficient conversion of a wide range of indoles into the synthetically significant 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones, the core structure of pseudoindoxyl alkaloids, under mild reaction conditions.     

含黏弹性夹芯FG-GRC后屈曲梁的低速冲击响应

研究了含黏弹性夹芯的功能梯度石墨烯增强复合材料(functionally graded graphene reinforced composite, FG-GRC)后屈曲梁在低速跌落冲击下的跳跃振荡行为.采用修正Halpin-Tsai细观模型预测FG-GRC的材料宏观属性.使用赫兹点接触模型确定冲击器和梁之间的接触力.提出了考虑轴向预应力的复合材料层本构关系和阻尼层的Kelvin型黏弹性本构.通过一种广义高阶剪切变形锯齿梁模型建立夹芯梁的非线性位移场. 基于Hamilton 能量变分原理, 推导了动力学控制方程组. 通过两步分析,首先获得弹性后屈曲平衡路径作为冲击问题的初始状态. 随后, 结合四阶龙格库塔法,拓展了两步摄动-伽辽金法计算接触力的时程曲线以及后屈曲梁的位移时程曲线.研究了后屈曲梁在单次和两次撞击下双稳态大幅振荡过程的动力学特征.讨论了轴向载荷、冲击速度、黏弹性阻尼特性、冲击器材料等因素对于碰撞接触力以及后屈曲梁动力响应的影响规律.结果表明, 接触力仅对冲击速度较为敏感,一定的结构碰撞参数设计可以在接触力变化不大的情况下,使得后屈曲梁由单势能阱运动转变为双阱大幅振荡.      

火炮在不同介质中发射的膛口流场特性分析

为研究水下炮密封式发射膛口流场及在不同介质中的膛口流场分布特性,建立了水下密封式发射二维轴对称膛口多相流数值模型.采用VOF(volume of fluid)模型、标准k-ε湍流模型,结合用户自定义函数及动网格技术,分别对水下密封式发射与空气中发射膛口流场演化过程进行了数值模拟与对比.计算结果表明,火炮在水下发射时的膛口流场与空气中发射时有明显差异.水下密封式发射时的最大膛压与空气中基本相同,弹丸初速较空气中发射降低了32 m/s,而膛口压力与温度有明显的升高;水下密封式发射时大约在140μs初步形成马赫盘,而空气中发射时马赫盘形成较晚,约在320 μs;与空气中发射相比,水下发射时的激波核心区面积更小,且弹丸头部不存在冠状冲击波.水下密封式发射时,马赫盘距离膛口轴向位移随时间变化呈指数增长;空气中发射时,马赫盘距离膛口轴向位移随时间变化呈线性增长.     

陆基条件下典型地物和伪装光谱影响因子分析

近年来,随着军事侦察识别技术的快速发展,用于侦察探测的军事装备已经逐步实现高精度化水平,拥有高技术侦察手段的一方往往可以对目标实施精准打击,大大降低战争胜利的成本。在高光谱成像方面,目前比较成熟的有卫星遥感和高空航空成像技术,这两种成像方式侦察时间大致相同,入射光方向基本一致,并且由于高光谱设备基本垂直于地面,因而反射光方向保持不变, 地物的BRDF系数比较固定。在陆军应用时,侦察时间随机,太阳的入射角度时刻变化,而且侦察的方向任意,高光谱在地面或者近地位置,探测方向变化无穷,地物在不同成像条件下的光谱曲线受到物体表面的BRDF系数影响凸显。通过展开不同的实验,挑选了绿地植被和三种人造伪装材料,细致的分析了太阳高度角、方位角和探测角对陆基条件下地物光谱的影响。实验结果表明,虽然四种材料的反射特性存在差异,但在不同的太阳高度角、探测角以及探测器与地物的方位角上呈现相似的规律。对于太阳高度角,当探测角一定时,人造伪装物光谱一般随着太阳高度角的变化整条光谱曲线都发生变化,反射比曲线呈现出平移的规律,而绿地植被在白光波段变化不很明显,在近红外波段的变化很明显,随着太阳高度角的升高先升然后降低;对于方位角而言,四种材料随着方位角的增大,光谱反射比一般先升高后降低,同时后向观测时的反射比一般比前向观测时大;对于探测角,三种材料的光谱反射比与探测角的关系并不很大,但三种材料均在不同的探测角度上出现了“热点”现象。最后,对绿地植被和迷彩伪装板的BRDF模型参数进行了分析,得到了其在不同方向上的反射规律。     

一种溶解氧敏感膜荧光发射效率光谱检测系统的研制

荧光猝灭法是快速测量污水、地表水以及渔业养殖水环境中溶解氧含量的先进技术之一,氧敏感膜是荧光猝灭法检测技术的核心,高荧光发射效率的氧敏感膜具有灵敏度高、特异性强、信噪比高的优点,检测结果更为准确。高效率是优选氧敏感膜的依据,也是溶解氧检测元器件、检测电路和检测光路优化设计的关键。现有溶解氧荧光检测装置中未有对氧敏感膜进行质量评估的标准方法,基于对已有传感器探头光路和电路的研究,该研究分析了全波段的荧光发射效率,选用大功率氙灯作为激发光源,基于连续单波长逐级扫描进行单色分光,构建了氧敏感膜的激发光-荧光光谱扫描装置,然后通过扫描测定氧敏感膜的激发光光谱和荧光光谱,提出并建立了荧光发射效率计算方法,提出的方法能客观地评估荧光发射能力,准确寻找最佳激发波长。为验证该方法的可行性,对来自国内外的多个氧敏感膜样品进行了实验测定,测试结果表明：单张氧敏感膜荧光发射效率随波长变化,呈多峰分布,同一型号的样品荧光效率曲线相似,但荧光发射效率差异较大,同一激发波长下荧光发射效率最大者较最小者高出14.5%,三张氧敏感膜的最大峰值波长均不同,分别为：401,543和435 nm,但发射峰值波长均为650 nm;不同型号的氧敏感膜相比较,最大荧光发射效率可相差1～2个数量级;实测传感器中使用的激发波长,其所选用的激发波长并非最大发射峰值波长,其荧光发射效率仅为最大荧光发射效率的1/2,表明传感器光源可以进一步优化选型。综上所述,本文建立了一种溶解氧敏感膜荧光发射效率检测系统,提出了以荧光发射效率评估氧敏感膜的方法,并开展了相关实验测定。本文工作可望用于新型氧敏感膜材料、工艺的研究及传感器优化设计与制造。     

A novel and convenient synthesis of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(1-(phenylimino) ethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives under ultrasound irradiation

A facile, efficient and environment-friendly protocol for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(1-(phenylimino)ethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives has been developed by the convenient ultrasound-mediated condensation of amine with dehydroacetic acid. This method provides several advantages over current reaction methodologies including a simple work-up procedure, shorter reaction times and higher yields.     

Enhancement of third-order nonlinearity in Ag-nanoparticles-contained chalcohalide glasses

Ag-nanoparticles were embedded in 56GeS₂?C24Ga₂S₃?C20KBr chalcohalide glass with average size varying from 100 to 300 nm. A large femtosecond optical Kerr effect indicated an enhancement of third-order optical nonlinearity due to Ag-nanoparticles observed by AFM images. Among these Ag-nanoparticles-embedded chalcohalide glass samples, the sample (c) with the second largest implanting dose 1 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm² showed the largest value of ??⁽³⁾ 5.34 × 10^?13 esu, which was ten times larger than that of the substrate. The nonlinear relation between the implanted dose and third-order optical nonlinearity is strongly related to the intrinsic local field and Ag-nanoparticles interaction in the glasses.     

Transient chaos in optical metamaterials

We investigate the dynamics of light rays in two classes of optical metamaterial systems: (1) time-dependent system with a volcano-shaped, inhomogeneous and isotropic refractive-index distribution, subject to external electromagnetic perturbations and (2) time-independent system consisting of three overlapping or non-overlapping refractive-index distributions. Utilizing a mechanical-optical analogy and coordinate transformation, the wave-propagation problem governed by the Maxwell's equations can be modeled by a set of ordinary differential equations for light rays. We find that transient chaotic dynamics, hyperbolic or nonhyperbolic, are common in optical metamaterial systems. Due to the analogy between light-ray dynamics in metamaterials and the motion of light in matter as described by general relativity, our results reinforce the recent idea that chaos in gravitational systems can be observed and studied in laboratory experiments.     

某类q-差分方程亚纯解的值分布

In this paper, we consider the value distribution of meromorphic solutions of order zero of some kind of q-difference equations and examples are also given to elaborate our results.     

Improvement of the switching frequency of a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator with optimal cell gap

In the application of a nematic liquid-crystal (LC) spatial light modulator, we derived the formula of retardation dynamic response of the device by solving the Erickson-Leslie equation. Then, the response time of the 2π phase change can be expressed as a function of the LC cell gap. The theoretical and experimental results all indicate that the response time of 2π first decreases and then increases with the LC cell gap increasing, and there is an optimal cell gap to obtain the shortest response time. Therefore, the method of optimizing the cell gap shows potential to improve the switching frequency for all type of nematic LC optical device with specific modulation quantity.