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91.
Current research on pedestrian dynamics mainly focuses on the interactions among isolated individuals, the impact of the presence of groups is not fully considered. In recent 5 years, researchers have started to investigate pedestrian group movement. The aim of this work is to explore the local behavior of pedestrian groups by questionnaires and field observation. Survey study focused on pedestrians' psychology when walking in groups, which included five parts: group size, interpersonal distance, spatial relationship among group members, speed adjustment of group members, information transmission, and acid action among group members. Meantime a field observation was carried out to study group movement characteristics, which contained speed, step frequency, offset angle and interpersonal distance. The survey results show that group members have a closer interpersonal distance, faster information transmission and plenty of acid action. Conversely, group walking has a negative influence on pedestrian's speed, step frequency by comparing with the way isolated pedestrian walks. In addition, it is found that for a certain group, the group members are able to keep movement consistent. Also there exists obvious movement diversity among different group types (male dyads, female dyads, couple groups, and ordinary‐friend groups) because of different gender and social relationship. Ultimately the results will be more promising for helping to model the movement of pedestrian groups. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 87–97, 2015 相似文献
92.
93.
A convenient and regioselective one-pot synthesis of 3-chloride or 3-bromide quinoline derivatives was achieved through a Grignard addition reaction by alkynyl Grignard regent to o-trifluoroacetyl aniline and a Cu(II)-catalyzed cyclization–halogenation tandem reaction with aqueous HCl or HBr as electrophilic reagent. 相似文献
94.
Urinary metabolomic study of non‐small cell lung carcinoma based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
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Qian Wu Yan Wang Xue Gu Junyi Zhou Huiping Zhang Wang Lv Zhe Chen Chao Yan 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(14):1728-1735
Metabolic profiles from human urine reveal the significant difference of carnitine and acylcarnitines levels between non‐small cell lung carcinoma patients and healthy controls. Urine samples from cancer patients and healthy individuals were assayed in this metabolomic study using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The data were normalized by the sum of all intensities and creatinine calibration, respectively, before orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Twenty differential metabolites were identified based on standard compounds or tandem mass spectrometry fragments. Among them, some medium‐/long‐chain acylcarnitines, for example, cis‐3,4‐methylene heptanoylcarnitine, were found to be downregulated while carnitine was upregulated in urine samples from the cancer group compared to the control group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the two groups showed that the area under curve for the combination of carnitine and 11 selected acylcarnitines was 0.958. This study suggests that the developed carnitine and acylcarnitines profiling method has the potential to be used for screening non‐small cell lung carcinoma. 相似文献
95.
Copper‐Catalyzed NH Insertion and Oxidative Aromatization Cascade: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Arylaminophenols
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Dong Ding Xiaobing Lv Dr. Jian Li Guangyang Xu Dr. Bing Ma Prof. Dr. Jiangtao Sun 《化学:亚洲杂志》2014,9(6):1539-1542
A copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction of N‐H insertion and oxidative aromatization has been developed. 2‐Arylaminophenols have been prepared in moderate to high yields from the diazo substrates. Moreover, this newly established methodology allows efficient access to natural 1‐oxygenated carbazole alkaloids, such as glycozolicine and murrayafoline A. 相似文献
96.
o‐Fluorination of Aromatic Azides Yields Improved Azido‐Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide: Synthesis,Spectra, and Bioimaging
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Chao Wei Runyu Wang Dr. Lv Wei Longhuai Cheng Zhifei Li Prof. Dr. Zhen Xi Prof. Dr. Long Yi 《化学:亚洲杂志》2014,9(12):3586-3592
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with multiple biological functions. To visualize the endogenous in situ production of H2S in real time, new coumarin‐ and boron‐dipyrromethene‐based fluorescent turn‐on probes were developed for fast sensing of H2S in aqueous buffer and in living cells. Introduction of a fluoro group in the ortho position of the aromatic azide can lead to a greater than twofold increase in the rate of reaction with H2S. On the basis of o‐fluorinated aromatic azides, fluorescent probes with high sensitivity and selectivity toward H2S over other biologically relevant species were designed and synthesized. The probes can be used to in situ to visualize exogenous H2S and D ‐cysteine‐dependent endogenously produced H2S in living cells, which makes them promising tools for potential applications in H2S biology. 相似文献
97.
近年来,随着社会环保意识的迅速提高以及对可再生能源利用能力的大幅增强,以燃料电池和电解池为代表的电化学技术已经逐渐在能源的存储、转化和利用方面发挥着不可或缺的独特作用.其中,固态氧化物电解池经过多年的发展,在装置成本和工作效率上取得了长足的进步,在储能转化方面具有重要的潜力.与此同时,伴随着《巴黎协定》签订以来各国的“碳中和”路线图逐渐出台,利用相对廉价易得的可再生电能,将二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)等碳-(C1)分子电解转化为高附加值的可再生燃料(如水煤气、乙烯等),对于碳中和目标的实现具有重要的意义.因此,C1分子电化学转化的研究成为了当下重点关注的研究领域,许多重要的研究成果和技术进步在过去几年中不断涌现.固态氧化物电解池作为一种代表性的C1分子电解和转化平台,也日渐引起相关领域研究人员的关注和兴趣.与传统的C1分子催化转化方法相比,基于固态氧化物电解池的电解转化技术具有两个重要优点:高能量转换效率与体系抗中毒能力.这两个特性作为体系稳健性的基石,保障了C1分子转化为可再生燃料的反应过程的长期可持续性.本文首先简要回顾了固态氧化物电解池的前沿技术与发展,并从电解池系统分类、反应体系的特征和反应体系发展的前景与挑战这三个方面,简要介绍了近年来基于固态氧化物电解池体系的C1分子电化学转化的代表性工作.CO2与CH4作为廉价易得的C1分子的代表,其转化因其反应分子惰性及反应过程不可控性而广受研究者关注,本文重点关注了在固态氧化物电解池中CO2,CO2/H2O和CH4三个体系的电化学反应过程和近期研究进展,希望可为相关研究人员未来设计更合适的催化剂和构建更优的电解池结构提供有益的参考.本文还针对目前固态氧化物电解池体系在C1分子转化领域所面临的挑战,提出了未来的一些可能的研究方向,以期助力研究者在不远的将来实现C1分子电解生产可再生燃料的实用化. 相似文献
98.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) harvesting indoor light are highly promising for emerging technologies, such as internet of things. Herein, the photovoltaic performance of PTB7-Th:PC71BM solar cells constructed using “optimized (with 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO))” and “non-optimized (without DIO)” processing conditions are compared for indoor and outdoor applications. We find that in comparison to the “optimized” solar cell, the “non-optimized” solar cell is less efficient under simulated solar light illumination (100 mW cm−2, spectral range 350–1100 nm), owing to significant bimolecular charge carrier recombination losses. However, under simulated indoor illumination (3.28 mW cm−2, spectral range 400–700 nm), bimolecular recombination losses are effective suppressed, thus the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell without DIO was increased to 14.7 %, higher than that of the solar cell with DIO (14.2 %). These results suggest that the common strategy used to optimize the OSCs could be undesired for indoor OSCs. We demonstrate that the efforts for realizing the desired “morphology” of the active layer for the outdoor OSCs may be unnecessary for indoor OSCs, allowing us to realize high-efficiency indoor OSCs using a non-halogenated solvent. 相似文献
99.
全/多卤代有机污染物大多具有生态毒性、生物蓄积性、环境持久性及长距离迁移性,不仅危害环境与生态安全,而且可经食物链传递威胁人类健康。由于卤原子是吸电子基团且取代数目多,这类物质的最高占据分子轨道能较低,难于被氧化降解,相反较易被还原法脱卤降解。随卤原子取代数减少,脱卤产物难被进一步还原,而其毒性甚至高于母体污染物。注意到低卤代有机物更容易发生氧化降解,一些研究构建了还原-氧化接力降解体系,即先利用还原法将全/多卤代有机污染物还原为低卤代产物,再利用氧化法降解这些中间产物,从而实现深度/完全脱卤和矿化。本文根据催化反应类型对还原-氧化联用法进行了归纳,分类介绍了基于传统化学催化、光催化、电化学、光电化学及机械化学等构建还原-氧化协同降解体系的原理及应用,以期为开发高效的处置技术提供思路和建议。 相似文献
100.
Jia Fu Qianqian Jia Peida Liang Saisai Wang Huaxin Zhou Liyang Zhang Hong Wang Chunlei Gao Yanni Lv Shengli Han Langchong He 《Journal of separation science》2022,45(14):2498-2507
Cell membrane chromatography is an effective method for screening bioactive components acting on specific receptors in complex systems, which maintains the biological activity of the membrane receptors and improves screening efficiency. However, traditional cell membrane chromatography suffers from poor stability, resulting in a limited life span and low reproducibility, greatly limiting the application of this method. To address this problem, cyanuric chloride-decorated silica gel was used for the covalent immobilization of the cell membranes. Cyanuric chloride reacts with amino groups on the cell membranes and membrane receptors to form covalent bonds. In this way, the cell membranes are not easy to fall off. The column life of the cyanuric chloride-decorated epidermal growth factor receptor/cell membrane chromatography column was extended to more than 8 days, whereas the column life of the normal cell membrane chromatography column dropped sharply in the first 3 days. A cyanuric chloride-decorated epidermal growth factor receptor/cell membrane chromatography online HPLC-IT-TOF-MSn system was applied for screening drug leads from Trifolium pratense L. One potential drug lead, formononetin, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor, was screened. Our strategy of covalently immobilizing cell membrane receptors also improved the stability of cell membrane chromatography. 相似文献