A Mitochondrion-Localized Two-Photon Photosensitizer Generating Carbon Radicals Against Hypoxic Tumors

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy is typically reliant on the local concentration and diffusion of oxygen. Due to the hypoxic microenvironment found in solid tumors, oxygen-independent photosensitizers are in great demand for cancer therapy. We herein report an iridium(III) anthraquinone complex as a mitochondrion-localized carbon-radical initiator. Its emission is turned on under hypoxic conditions after reduction by reductase. Furthermore, its two-photon excitation properties (λ_ex=730 nm) are highly desirable for imaging. Upon irradiation, the reduced form of the complex generates carbon radicals, leading to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death (IC₅₀^light=2.1 μm , IC₅₀^dark=58.2 μm , PI=27.7). The efficacy of the complex as a PDT agent was also demonstrated under hypoxic conditions in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first metal-complex-based theranostic agent which can generate carbon radicals for oxygen-independent two-photon photodynamic therapy.     

一类线性周期系统的特征指数

众所周知,在常微分方程理论研究中,线性周期系统的特征指数在该系统的研究中起着极其重要的作用。然而如何确定特征指数,是一个极为困难的工作,除了某些具体方程,至今所知甚少,其原因是人们一直认为特征指数与系统的系数阵之间没有直接关系。 本文考虑了一类特殊的线性周期系统,我们称之为可换型线性周期系统,即系数阵满足某种可换条件。对于这种系统,我们利用其“平均”系统,找到系统的特征指数与其系数阵之间的直接关系,从而给出了确定该线性周期系统特征指数的一种简单方法。     

Comparison of release and penetration of tacrolimus ointment reference and trial formulation after dermal application to pigs by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

To investigate the consistency and bioequivalence of tacrolimus ointment reference and trial formulation, the tacrolimus concentrations in blood and skin were determined by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS following topical application of two kinds of ointment in porcine skin in a parallel, cross‐over trial. The plasma protein of blood was precipitated by acetonitrile and the tacrolimus in skin was extracted by acetonitrile before HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis. The internal calibration method (diazepam was the internal standard) was used for quantification analysis (R² > 0.9999), with linear range from 0.05 to 5 ng/mL for blood samples and from 1 to 200 ng/mL for skin samples. The limits of detection for the porcine blood and skin were 0.005 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries for the porcine blood and skin spiked at three levels were 97.56–109.53 and 96.48–103.57%, respectively. The precision expressed in RSDs was from 3.43 to 10.83% for porcine blood and from 3.10 to 8.69% for porcine skin. For the same pig, the tacrolimus concentrations and variation with time of the two kinds of ointment in porcine skin were similar, although variation occurred with different individuals. These results showed that the release and penetration of tacrolimus from the reference and trial formulation are similar. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

THE C~(1,α) REGULARITY OF SOLUTIONS TO DOUBLE OBSTACLE PROBLEM OF VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY

In this paper, a double obstacle problem of variational inequalities is considered and its solutions is obtained. The results of one-sided obstacle problem are not required in the analysis of our main results, which is different from the previous works.     

双非线性抛物组解的有界性

本文考虑对角型双非线性抛物型方程组，在一般结构条件下，证明广义解局部有界和整体有界，并对一特殊情形，证明了如果解在抛物边界为零，那么它只能是零解．     

拟线性椭圆方程广义解的Liouville定理

本文证明了广义解的Liouvill定理成立。     

A CLASS OF QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM WITH A THIRD ORDER WEAK FOCUS

This paper discusses the uniqueness of the limit cycle of quadratic differential system with a third order weak focus.     

椭圆型方程广义解Liouville型定理的一个注

在Ｅⁿ考虑椭圆方程(?)其中Ａ，Ｂ满足如下的结构条件：(?)本文证明如果广义整解ｕ∈W_p,loc¹(Eⁿ)∩ L_α(Eⁿ)，其中(?)那么ｕ≡０．     

Φ76mm×100mmBGO闪烁探测器探测效率测量

用若干低能(p,γ)共振核反应产生的单能光子测得Φ76mm×100mmBGOγ探测器在17.65、17.23、6.13MeV三个能量点下的全能峰本征探测效率分别为7%、9%和22%.