C-藻蓝蛋白的电致发光

藻胆蛋白(phycobiliProteins)是藻类光合作用过程中最重要的拍光色素之一,它具有吸收太阳光能并将其高效地(几乎100%)转移到光合反应中心的功能[1].它在可见光区的吸收光谱主要归因于与脱辅基蛋白共价相连的线性四吡咯发色团[2].     

Ultrafast growth of dendritic gold nanostructures and their applications in methanol electro-oxidation and surface-enhanced Raman scattering

A simple and rapid solution-phase synthesis of dendritic gold nanostructures with hyperbranched architecture is demonstrated in this report. Further investigations revealed that the morphology of the synthesized sample depended on proper parameters such as reagent concentration, reaction temperature, reagent addition sequence and stir. Moreover, the dendritic gold nanostructures exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity toward methanol electro-oxidation. When compared with sea-urchinlike and flowerlike gold nanostructures which were prepared by varying the parameters of experiment, dendritic gold nanostructures showed the highest surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity using 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) as probe molecules. The dendritic gold nanostructures may find potential applications in catalysis, SERS and biosensor.     

Stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels as a new class of draw agent for forward osmosis desalination

Ionic polymer hydrogels with thermal responsive units are found to induce higher water permeation rates in the osmosis process, and higher water release rates under a combination of pressure and thermal stimuli. These hydrogels have the potential for use as draw agent in forward osmosis desalination.     

A 3D fibrous cathode with high interconnectivity for solid oxide fuel cells

A three-dimensional (3D) fibrous cathode of solid oxide fuel cell was fabricated by using eggshell membranes (ESMs) as the template. This cathode possesses high porosity and interconnectivity, and low polarization resistance. A single fuel cell with the 3D fibrous Sm_0.5Sr_0.5CoO₃/Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 cathode shows significantly improved performances at low operating temperatures (500–600 °C) as compared with the cell prepared with the ESM-templated cluster cathode in our previous study.     

瞬发中子密度衰减法计算中子代时间

采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP计算了西安脉冲堆中子代时间。使用MCNP程序模拟了反应堆瞬发中子通量密度衰减,基于忽略缓发中子项的点堆动力学方程计算出中子代时间。在微次临界下,研究了次临界度、源的分布、计数区域等对西安脉冲堆中子代时间计算结果的影响。计算分析表明：采用瞬发中子密度衰减法计算中子代时间时,微次临界度、源分布、计数区域等对计算结果影响都很小;误差产生的主要原因是忽略缓发中子项的点堆动力学方程并不能较好地反应瞬发中子通量密度的衰减规律。     

Markov State Models and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Provide Understanding of the Nucleotide-Dependent Dimerization-Based Activation of LRRK2 ROC Domain

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are recognized as the most frequent cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). As a multidomain ROCO protein, LRRK2 is characterized by the presence of both a Ras-of-complex (ROC) GTPase domain and a kinase domain connected through the C-terminal of an ROC domain (COR). The bienzymatic ROC–COR–kinase catalytic triad indicated the potential role of GTPase domain in regulating kinase activity. However, as a functional GTPase, the detailed intrinsic regulation of the ROC activation cycle remains poorly understood. Here, combining extensive molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state models, we disclosed the dynamic structural rearrangement of ROC’s homodimer during nucleotide turnover. Our study revealed the coupling between dimerization extent and nucleotide-binding state, indicating a nucleotide-dependent dimerization-based activation scheme adopted by ROC GTPase. Furthermore, inspired by the well-known R1441C/G/H PD-relevant mutations within the ROC domain, we illuminated the potential allosteric molecular mechanism for its pathogenetic effects through enabling faster interconversion between inactive and active states, thus trapping ROC in a prolonged activated state, while the implicated allostery could provide further guidance for identification of regulatory allosteric pockets on the ROC complex. Our investigations illuminated the thermodynamics and kinetics of ROC homodimer during nucleotide-dependent activation for the first time and provided guidance for further exploiting ROC as therapeutic targets for controlling LRRK2 functionality in PD treatment.     

大型先进压水堆中次锕系核素嬗变特性

随着核电事业的快速发展,核电厂卸载的乏燃料越来越多。如何处置核电站乏燃料中的次锕系核素（MA）既是核燃料再利用的重要过程,又是闭式循环中的关键步骤。如果处置得当,不仅可以提高燃料的利用率,而且可以将MA变成同位素燃料电池、中子源等有用的核素。国际上认可的处置方法是分离-嬗变,但是嬗变MA的难点是嬗变堆型的选取和如何提高嬗变率。压水堆(PWR)是国内外最成熟的堆型和商业运行的主要堆型,也是现阶段最具有可能进行MA嬗变的堆型。于是,本文利用MCNP程序研究了压水堆嬗变MA的特性,通过研究MA嬗变棒的设计、添加位置和添加量等对压水堆堆芯有效增殖因子的影响,初步探索出最佳的压水堆嬗变MA的设计方案,为我国现阶段进行压水堆嬗变MA奠定了理论基础。     

共价键相联的卟啉-酞菁激发态性质——(Ⅱ)非线性光学性质研究

卟啉(TTP)和酞菁(Pc)分子表现出反饱和吸收特性,而在卟啉和酞菁二元分子TTP-O-Pc和TTP-O-(CH₂)_s-O-Pc中反饱和吸收现象消失。简并四波混频(DFWM)方法用于测量兰阶非线性光学极化率X⁽³⁾,二元分子比单元分子的X⁽³⁾提高了10²倍以上,达到3×10^-9esu。     

Iridium‐Catalyzed Distal Hydroboration of Aliphatic Internal Alkenes

The regioselective hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes remains a great challenge. Reported herein is an iridium‐catalyzed hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes, providing distal‐borylated products in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity (up to 99:1). We also demonstrate that the C?B bond of the distal‐borylated product can be readily converted into other functional groups. DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through an unexpected Ir^III/Ir^V cycle.