Microstructure and strain films using in-plane grazing analysis of GaN epitaxial incidence x-ray diffraction

This paper investigates the major structural parameters, such as crystal quality and strain state of （001）-oriented GaN thin films grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition, using an in-plane grazing incidence x-ray diffraction technique. The results are analysed and compared with a complementary out-of-plane x- ray diffraction technique. The twist of the GaN mosaic structure is determined through the direct grazing incidence t of （100） reflection which agrees well with the result obtained by extrapolation method. The method for directly determining the in-plane lattice parameters of the GaN layers is also presented. Combined with the biaxial strain model, it derives the lattice parameters corresponding to fully relaxed GaN films. The GaN epilayers show an increasing residual compressive stress with increasing layer thickness when the two dimensional growth stage is established, reaching to a maximum level of-0.89 GPa.     

Assessing total differences variations in color,for effective samples having coarseness,and glint

Effect coatings have the unique property of large change of appearance under different viewing conditions. This results in quality control problems of related products. In this letter, samples of metallic panels with effect coatings are visually assessed and measured. Based on experimental results, we propose formulae to predict precisely the total differences of effective samples in terms of variations in color, coarseness, and glint. Under diffused illumination, the total difference formula includes color difference and coarseness difference. Under directional illumination, the total difference formula includes color difference and glint difference.     

Structural Characterization and Thermal Properties of 1-Amino-1-ethylamino-2,2-dinitroethylene

1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)和乙胺水溶液在92 oC下反应合成出了一种新型含能材料1-氨基-1-乙氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(AEFOX-7). 利用理论计算方法研究了AEFOX-7的分子结构、红外吸收和核磁共振化学位移. 用DSC和TG/DTG研究了AEFOX-7的热行为. 其热行为可分为一个熔化过程和一个紧接的剧烈放热分解过程. 热分解反应的放热焓、表观活化能和指前因子分别为：374.88,169.7 kJ/mol和1019.24 s^-1, 热爆炸的临界温度 是145.2 oC. 采用微量热法和理论计算方法研究了AEFOX-7的比热容,298.15 K时为214.50 J/(mol K).     

Theoretical Study on Mechanism of Cycloadditional Reaction Between Dichloro-Germylidene and Formaldehyde

用MP2/6-31G^*方法研究了单线态二氯亚甲基锗烯与甲醛环加成反应的反应机理,该反应有两条相互竞争的主反应通道,同时伴随着两中间体(INT3和INT4)副产物的生成. 第一条主反应通道所生成的物种为三员环中间体(INT1)和Ge-O顺位的四员环产物(P1);第二条主反应通道所生成的物种为Ge-O对位的扭曲四员环中间体(INT2)和氯迁移产物(P2);P1和INT2分别与甲醛(R2)的进一步作用而导致了两副产物的生成.     

Shear Thickening Fluids Based on Additives with Different Concentrations and Molecular Chain Lengths

将二氧化硅颗粒和不同分子链长添加剂颗粒分散到聚乙二醇分散介质中制得剪切增稠液样品,研究了添加剂的不同含量和不同分子链长对剪切增稠液流变性能的影响. 对其流变特性的研究表明,随着添加剂含量的增加和分子链长的增长,样品的剪切增稠效应增强明显,并用大粒子簇的形成对增强机理给出了合理的解释.     

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation of Microscopic Properties in Diblock Copolymer Films

利用耗散粒子动力学模拟方法研究了两嵌段共聚高分子薄膜中的一些微观性质. 结果表明：薄膜中共聚高分子链的均方根末端距2_e>^1/2、均方根回旋半径2_g>^1/2与薄膜厚度l、不同粒子间的相互作用强度a_ij、粒子与薄膜边界间的排斥作用强度a_pb均呈线性关系,而均方键长与a_ij、a_pb呈线性关系,随l增加则呈现出波浪形趋势. 2_e>^1/2与2_g>^1/2的变化趋势可以相互对应. 任一组分在薄膜中的密度分布可以通过其与薄膜边界间的相互作用来有效控制与调节.     

利用电化学微分质谱在燃料电池的阴极研究碳载体的氧化

利用电化学微分质谱,在双薄层流动电解池中,通过检测二氧化碳产物的信号研究氧气与铂纳米粒子对碳载体氧化机理与动力学的影响．研究发现,碳载体可以在不同的电位区间内被氧化;氧气可以加速碳的氧化,在相同的电位下碳氧化生成二氧化碳产物的速率在氧气饱和溶液中是在氮气饱和溶液中的两倍;铂纳米粒子可以催化碳的氧化,在碳电极上,担载的铂纳米粒子可以大大降低碳氧化的过电势．讨论了铂与氧气促进碳氧化的机理．     

Ir~( 49)M壳层共振自电离速率

研究了对电子碰撞激发速率共振自电离速率的影响，并且计算了类镍铱离子３ｄ到４ｌ共振激发速率，其作用对研究Ｘ射线激光设计、高温等离子体等诸多应用都有很重要的影响。     

Generalized Goodman–Harpe–Jones Construction of Subfactors, II

We build some exceptional representations of Birman–Wenzl algebras from the data of certain conformal embeddings. As a result we construct new finite depth subfactors whose principal graphs are completely determined. Received: 16 February 1996 / Accepted: 25 July 1996     

Shape of the Cu(2) NQR spectra in YBa2Cu3O7, TmBa2Cu3O7 and TmBa2Cu4O8

We present a study of shape of the Cu(2) NQR spectra in YBa₂Cu₃O₇, TmBa₂Cum₃O₇, and TmBa₂Cu₄O₈ compounds at temperatures of 4.2–300 K. The results of the quantitative analysis lead us to conclude that the shape of the Cu(2) NQR spectra in all the samples studied can be described in the framework of the “motional narrowing” model, which implies that the Cu(2) nucleus possesses two different NQR frequencies between which it can rapidly jump. The difference in frequencies seems to be related to the charge-stripe correlations in CuO₂ planes resulting in a dynamical modulation of the electric field gradients at the Cu(2) nuclei. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 9, 594–598 (10 November 1997)