In situ X‐ray data collection and structure phasing of protein crystals at Structural Biology Center 19‐ID

A prototype of a 96‐well plate scanner for in situ data collection has been developed at the Structural Biology Center (SBC) beamline 19‐ID, located at the Advanced Photon Source, USA. The applicability of this instrument for protein crystal diffraction screening and data collection at ambient temperature has been demonstrated. Several different protein crystals, including selenium‐labeled, were used for data collection and successful SAD phasing. Without the common procedure of crystal handling and subsequent cryo‐cooling for data collection at T = 100 K, crystals in a crystallization buffer show remarkably low mosaicity (<0.1°) until deterioration by radiation damage occurs. Data presented here show that cryo‐cooling can cause some unexpected structural changes. Based on the results of this study, the integration of the plate scanner into the 19‐ID end‐station with automated controls is being prepared. With improvement of hardware and software, in situ data collection will become available for the SBC user program including remote access.     

Electrochemical characterization of the redox couple of Fe(III)/Fe(II) mediated by grafted polymer electrode

A new grafted polymer electrode (GPE) (polystyrene as polymer) was grafted with acrylonitrile as a monomer using gamma irradiation to produce a new grafted polymer. The redox process of K₃Fe(CN)₆ during cyclic voltammetry was studied by the new GPE. The ratio of Ipc/Ipa >1 of GPE to GCE Ipc/Ipa = 1.7, indicating that this electrode is a reversible electrode and can be used in conductivity studies by voltammetric analysis. The physical properties of the new electrode GP have good hardness, insolubility, and stability at different high temperatures and at different pH. Also, the sensitivity under conditions of cyclic voltammetry is significantly dependent on pH, electrolyte, and scan rate. At different scan rates, two oxidation peaks and two reduction peaks of Fe(III) were observed in a reversible process: Fe(III) Fe(II), and Fe(II) Fe(0). Interestingly, the redox reaction of Fe(III) solution using GPE remained constant even after 15 cycles. It is therefore evident that the GPE possesses some degree of stability. The potential use of the grafted polymer as a useful electrode material is therefore clearly evident.     

Stretchable Perovskite Solar Cells with Recoverable Performance

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology for stretchable applications because of their flexible, light‐weight, and low‐cost characteristics. However, the fragility of crystals and poor crystallinity of perovskite on stretchable substrates results in performance loss. In fact, grain boundary defects are the “Achilles’ heel” of optoelectronic and mechanical stability. We incorporate a self‐healing polyurethane (s‐PU) with dynamic oxime–carbamate bonds as a scaffold into the perovskite films, which simultaneously enhances crystallinity and passivates the grain boundary of the perovskite films. The stretchable PSCs with s‐PU deliver a stabilized efficiency of 19.15 % with negligible hysteresis, which is comparable to the performance on rigid substrates. The PSCs can maintain over 90 % of their initial efficiency after 3000 hours in air because of their self‐encapsulating structure. Importantly, the self‐healing function of the s‐PU scaffold was verified in situ. The s‐PU can release mechanical stress and repair cracks at the grain boundary on multiple levels. The devices recover 88 % of their original efficiency after 1000 cycles at 20 % stretch. We believe that this ingenious growth strategy for crystalline semiconductors will facilitate development of flexible and stretchable electronics.     

Enantioselective three-component Ugi reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid

A catalytic enantioselective three-component Ugi reaction was developed. SPINOL-derived phosphoric acid with bulky 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl groups at the 6,6′ positions was found to be the best catalyst to afford α-amino amide derivatives in good to excellent yields(62% to 99%) and enantiocontrol(81% to 99% enantiomeric excess). This asymmetric reaction was applicable well to an array of aliphatic aldehydes. The gram-scale synthesis, modification of dapsone, and enantioselective synthesis of(R)-Lacosamide underline the general utility of this methodology. Influence of dihedral angles and substituents of the chiral phosphoric acids on the enantioselectivity was also discussed in this article.     

基于车桥耦合理论的梁式桥阻尼比识别研究

提出一种基于车桥耦合动力学理论的梁式桥阻尼比识别方法. 首先按照动力学理论将测试车设计为单自由度体系, 然后利用安装在测试车上的传感器采集信号, 从测试车与桥梁接触点响应信号中得到梁式桥响应的信号, 基于车桥耦合动力学原理滤波处理得到包含梁式桥第一阶频率的信号, 最后假定梁式桥阻尼比值, 通过假定的梁式桥阻尼比值获取假定的梁式桥第一阶振型, 不断循环直至假定的阻尼比值下计算的第一阶振型最大值点居中, 即为识别的梁式桥真实阻尼比. 本文首先从车桥耦合动力学理论推导上说明了该方法的可行性, 然后考虑在不同车速与非恒定车速、路面粗糙度、环境噪音等影响因素下进行车桥耦合动力学模型分析, 最后通过实桥试验进行了初步验证. 研究结果表明: 该方法能一定程度上克服外界不利因素的影响, 达到识别梁式桥阻尼比的目的, 为识别梁式桥阻尼比提供一种更优方法, 其具有参数设置较少、操作简单方便以及更高测试精度等优点, 同时有助于推动基于车桥耦合的车桥耦合动力学理论技术在梁式桥模态参数识别工作中的实际工程应用.      

Aromatic polyamides containing keto-benzocyclobutene pendants

A series of novel benzocyclobutene (BCB)-pendanted polyamides (inherent viscosities: 0.20–0.69 dL/g) was synthesized from 3,5-diaminophenyl-4-benzocyclobutenyl ketone, and terephthaloyl, isophthaloyl, 4,4′-oxydibenzoyl chlorides, as well as 4,4′-(o-phenylenedioxy)dibenzoyl chloride. The DSC studies demonstrated that the BCB crosslinking exothermic transition occurred at nearly the same temperature (max. ∼︁ 275°C) for all the four polyamides, and they were thermally stable up to 380°C in helium, where the weight loss started to occur. TGA and DSC studies in air indicated that the polymers, in contrast to the model compound, showed evidence of oxidation just prior to or occurring simultaneously with the BCB crosslinking reaction. This could be attributed to the oxidation of the reactive diene generated from the ring-opening of the BCB competing with the process of two BCB pendant units approaching each other for crosslinking reaction. Preliminary examination of the BCB-pendanted polyamide regenerated from a methanesulfonic acid solution indicates that the BCB ring is quite stable (DSC evidence) in the strong acid medium. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

深空光通信中的图像信标捕获技术

为实现深空光通信链路建立过程中精确的对准,提出了一种深空光通信系统扩展信标的捕获方案。该方案以可视地球图像作为信标,在航天器上存储一幅信标图像作为参考图像,采用天线扫描的方式在各点对所瞄准的区域成像,利用像素扫描的方式,使参考图像和实际探测图像进行相关,在天线扫描完成以后,找出相关性最大的位置,即可认为在该点捕获到地球图像。在计算两图像相关系数的过程中,由于傅里叶梅林变换幅度谱具有伸缩及旋转不变性,因此利用傅里叶梅林变换即可消除两图像相关系数因为旋转和伸缩的影响。利用蒙特卡罗方法随机产生1000个视场,仿真结果表明,3σ内正确捕获到信标图像的概率为99.6%,表明这是一种可行的方法。     

Flowfield of a helicopter submerged inlet with power output shaft

The submerged inlet is an attractive configuration for advanced helicopters due to its high stealth performance and low external drag.In this paper,a submerged ...