一类非奇异H-矩阵判定的新条件

非奇异H-矩阵是在许多领域具有广泛应用的重要矩阵类,但实际判定一个非奇异H-矩阵是十分困难的.在本文中,我们给出了一类关于非奇异H-矩阵新的判定条件,改进了近期的相关结果,并用数值例子说明了文中结果判定范围的更广泛性.     

透射光栅的实验标定和衍射效率的理论模拟

透射光栅广泛应用于软X射线能谱测量.为了获得用于惯性约束聚变研究的透射光栅的各级衍射效率及其他参数,在北京同步辐射源上200—1600 eV能量范围内对其进行了标定,获得了透射光栅衍射效率的实验结果.扩展了透射光栅衍射效率的计算方法,提出了7边准梯形截面衍射效率计算模型.分析拟合了实验数据,理论结果与实验结果很好符合.得到了7边准梯形的透射光栅栅线截面结构. 关键词： 透射光栅 衍射效率 实验标定 光栅模型     

Optimal velocity difference model for a car-following theory

In this Letter, we present a new optimal velocity difference model for a car-following theory based on the full velocity difference model. The linear stability condition of the new model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The unrealistically high deceleration does not appear in OVDM. Numerical simulation of traffic dynamics shows that the new model can avoid the disadvantage of negative velocity occurred at small sensitivity coefficient λ in full velocity difference model by adjusting the coefficient of the optimal velocity difference, which shows that collision can disappear in the improved model.     

Positive Semidefinite Rank-Based Correlation Matrix Estimation With Application to Semiparametric Graph Estimation

Many statistical methods gain robustness and flexibility by sacrificing convenient computational structures. In this article, we illustrate this fundamental tradeoff by studying a semiparametric graph estimation problem in high dimensions. We explain how novel computational techniques help to solve this type of problem. In particular, we propose a nonparanormal neighborhood pursuit algorithm to estimate high-dimensional semiparametric graphical models with theoretical guarantees. Moreover, we provide an alternative view to analyze the tradeoff between computational efficiency and statistical error under a smoothing optimization framework. Though this article focuses on the problem of graph estimation, the proposed methodology is widely applicable to other problems with similar structures. We also report thorough experimental results on text, stock, and genomic datasets.     

Olefin‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxidative Arylation of Allenes

An olefin‐directed palladium‐catalyzed oxidative regio‐ and stereoselective arylation of allenes to afford 1,3,6‐trienes has been established. A number of functionalized allenes, including 2,3‐ and 3,4‐dienoates and 3,4‐dienol derivatives, have been investigated and found to undergo the olefin‐directed allene arylation. The olefin moiety has been proven to be a crucial element for the arylating transformation.     

Single‐Crystal Semiconductors with Narrow Band Gaps for Solar Water Splitting

Solar water splitting provides a clean and renewable approach to produce hydrogen energy. In recent years, single‐crystal semiconductors such as Si and InP with narrow band gaps have demonstrated excellent performance to drive the half reactions of water splitting through visible light due to their suitable band gaps and low bulk recombination. This Minireview describes recent research advances that successfully overcome the primary obstacles in using these semiconductors as photoelectrodes, including photocorrosion, sluggish reaction kinetics, low photovoltage, and unfavorable planar substrate surface. Surface modification strategies, such as surface protection, cocatalyst loading, surface energetics tuning, and surface texturization are highlighted as the solutions.     

Cross-sections for formation of <Superscript>178m2</Superscript>Hf and <Superscript>179m2</Superscript>Hf through reactions on natural hafnium at neutron energy 14.8 ± 0.2 MeV

The cross sections for formation of metastable state of ¹⁷⁸Hf (^178m2Hf, 574.215 keV, 31 y) and ¹⁷⁹Hf (^179m2Hf, 362.55 keV, 25.05 d) through reactions induced by 14.8 ± 0.2 MeV neutrons on natural hafnium were measured for the first time. The monoenergetic neutron beam was produced via the ³H(d, n)⁴He reaction on ZF-300-II Intense Neutron Generator at Lanzhou University. Induced gamma activities were measured by a gamma-ray spectrometer with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Measurements were corrected for gamma-ray attenuations, random coincidence (pile-up), dead time and fluctuation of neutron flux. The neutron fluence were determined by the cross section of ⁹³Nb(n, 2n)^92mNb reaction. The neutron energy in the measurement were by the cross section ratios of ⁹⁰Zr(n, 2n)^89m+gZr and ⁹³Nb(n, 2n)^92mNb reactions.     

Membrane-dependent effects of a cytoplasmic helix on the structure and drug binding of the influenza virus M2 protein

The influenza A M2 protein forms a proton channel for virus infection and also mediates virus assembly and budding. The minimum protein length that encodes both functions contains the transmembrane (TM) domain (roughly residues 22-46) for the amantadine-sensitive proton-channel activity and an amphipathic cytoplasmic helix (roughly residues 45-62) for curvature induction and virus budding. However, structural studies involving the TM domain with or without the amphipathic helix differed on the drug-binding site. Here we use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to determine the amantadine binding site in the cytoplasmic-helix-containing M2(21-61). (13)C-(2)H distance measurements of (13)C-labeled protein and (2)H-labeled amantadine showed that in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers, the first equivalent of drug bound S31 inside the M2(21-61) pore, similar to the behavior of M2 transmembrane peptide (M2TM) in DMPC bilayers. The nonspecific surface site of D44 observed in M2TM is disfavored in the longer peptide. Thus, the pharmacologically relevant drug-binding site in the fully functional M2(21-61) is S31 in the TM pore. Interestingly, when M2(21-61) was reconstituted into a virus-mimetic membrane containing 30% cholesterol, no chemical shift perturbation was observed for pore-lining residues, whereas M2TM in the same membrane exhibited drug-induced chemical shift changes. Reduction of the cholesterol level and the use of unsaturated phospholipids shifted the conformational equilibrium of M2TM fully to the bound state but did not rescue drug binding to M2(21-61). These results suggest that the amphipathic helix, together with cholesterol, modulates the ability of the TM helix to bind amantadine. Thus, the M2 protein interacts with the lipid membrane and small-molecule inhibitors in a complex fashion, and a careful examination of the environmental dependence of the protein conformation is required to fully understand the structure-function relation of this protein.     

应用导数荧光光谱和概率神经网络鉴别合成色素

实验测量了食品色素胭脂红、苋菜红、诱惑红和工业色素苏丹红Ⅳ溶液分别在波长为300,400,440和380 nm的光激发下产生的荧光光谱.对这4种红色素的各8个溶液样本选取60个发射波长值所对应的荧光强度作为网络特征参数,训练、建立概率神经网络.据此,对32个色素溶液样本进行种类识别.为解决原始荧光光谱重叠造成识别准确率不高的问题,应用导数荧光光谱,将二阶导数光谱数据作为网络特征参数,建立网络,进行识别,识别准确率达100%.由此,提出了应用二阶导数荧光光谱结合概率神经网络对合成色素方便、快捷、准确地进行种     

基于径向基函数神经网络的荧光光谱技术在菌种识别中的应用

对嗜酸乳杆菌、变异链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌这三种菌的荧光光谱进行研究,发现在紫外光的激励下,益生菌溶液发出荧光.在最佳激发波长290　nm的激励下,荧光峰值在300—650　nm范围内.采用小波变换对测得的150组光谱数据进行压缩,压缩后每组数据由原来的1341个点减少为168个点,既保留了原图谱的特征,又提高了神经网络的处理速度.径向基函数神经网络方法对压缩后的数据进行研究,对每种菌的40组实验数据进行训练,在此基础上对30组未知数据进行识别.结果表明经过训练之后,径向基函数神经网络能够准确预测未知菌种.