Biomedical significance of endothelial cell specific growth factor, angiopoietin

Until recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was the only growth factor proven to be specific and critical for blood vessel formation. Other long-known factors, such as the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), platelet-derived growth factor, or transforming growth factor-beta, had profound effects in endothelial cells. But such factors were nonspecific, in that they could act on many other cells, and it seemed unlikely that these growth factors would be effective targets for treatment of endothelial cell diseases. A recently discovered endothelial cell specific growth factor, angiopoietin, has greatly contributed to our understanding of the development, physiology, and pathology of endothelial cells (Davis et al., 1996; Yancopoulos et al., 2000). The recent studies that identified and characterized the physiological and pathological roles of angiopoietin have allowed us to widen and deepen our knowledge about blood vessel formation and vascular endothelial function. Therefore, in this review, we describe the biomedical significance of these endothelial cell growth factors, the angiopoietins, in the vascular system under normal and pathological states.     

卤代烷反应中取代和消去竞争的教学设计

在卤代烷的取代和消去反应中,进攻试剂均为带负电的实体或多电子基团,因此取代和消去的竞争是卤代烷教学内容的重点和难点。本文介绍我们对这部分教学内容的组织和设计,使学生更好地理解反应底物、进攻试剂和反应条件对优势反应及产物的影响。该教学设计对培养学生的分析能力、思考能力和灵活应用知识的能力具有重要作用。     

通过FGF401的构效关系研究发现一种新颖的FGFR4选择性抑制剂

设计并合成了一系列FGF401类似物以研究其FGFR4抑制、抗肿瘤活性及其构效关系.研究发现了N-(5-氰基-4-(2-甲氧基乙基氨基)吡啶-2-基)-7-甲酰基-6-(N-甲基四氢吡喃-4-甲酰胺)甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,8-萘啶-1-甲酰胺(8ac)不仅在酶和细胞学水平上对FGFR4具有强效的的抑制活性,并表现出了出色的选择性.其活性及选择性优于阳性对照FGF401,并且在HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma)动物移植瘤模型中显著抑制肿瘤生长,还引起了肿瘤萎缩.     

Rotational Spectra of 2,3,6-Trifluoropyridine: Effect of Fluorination on Ring Geometry

The ground state rotational spectrum of 2, 3, 6-trifluoropyridine has been investigated in the 2.0\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}20.0 GHz region by pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The experimental rotational constants are \begin{document}$ A $\end{document} = 3134.4479(2) MHz, \begin{document}$ B $\end{document} = 1346.79372(7) MHz, and \begin{document}$ C $\end{document} = 941.99495(6) MHz. The transitions are so intense that rotational transitions of all mono-\begin{document}$ ^{13} $\end{document}C and \begin{document}$ ^{15} $\end{document}N isotopologues are measured in natural abundance. The semi-experimental equilibrium rotational constants of the 7 isotopologues were derived by taking account of the anharmonic vibrational corrections, which allowed a semi-experimental determination of the equilibrium structure of 2, 3, 6-trifluoropyridine.     

铜催化的α-氨基丙二腈的脱氰氧代反应：一种合成叔酰胺的新方法

新反应、新试剂的发展是有机合成化学的重要研究内容,基于前期在α-氨基丙二腈合成方法学方面的工作基础,我们发展了一例铜催化的α-氨基丙二腈的脱氰氧代反应.通过将甲酰胺转化为α-氨基丙二腈后,借助其亲核属性来合成α-氨基丙二腈底物,而后将底物重新转化为酰胺,从而实现形式上的氨基甲酰负离子的亲核加成(取代)反应.该工作首次完成了形式上的甲酰胺碳原子的极性反转,实现了将α-氨基丙二腈作为氨基甲酰负离子替代物的反应新模式,为叔酰胺化合物的合成提供了新的思路和方法,且具有反应条件简单,底物适用性广及适合克级规模制备等特点.     

氯离子柱撑水滑石共沉淀法合成反应动力学

根据氯离子型层状复合氢氧化物(LDH-Cl)制备过程中溶液浓度变化的监测结果和不同反应进程时产物的EDS、IR、XRD、TEM、TG-DTA表征结果,研究了合成LDH-Cl的共沉淀反应动力学特征及机理.实验结果表明, LDH-Cl的生成符合多核层表面反应动力学模型;反应过程中LDH的晶胞参数c从2.421 nm变为2.399 nm,通道高度h由0.3321 nm减小为0.3228 nm,粒子直径Da由6.40 nm增大为15.16 nm, Dc由7.43 nm增大到10.93 nm,纵横比由0.86增大为1.39; IR和TG-DTA特征变化表明了层板对阴离子作用的强度和层板的结构稳定性随反应进程而提高.     

含杯芳烃聚合物的合成与应用

杯芳烃在主客体化学中是继冠醚和环糊精之后被广泛关注的第三代主体分子,能够选择性地与客体分子或离子形成络合物。近年来,含杯芳烃聚合物逐渐受到人们的重视。结合聚合物稳定性好,易于加工的特性,含杯芳烃聚合物将有望被开发成为新型功能高分子材料。本文详细介绍了含杯芳烃聚合物的合成及其应用。     

Applications of Calixarenes in Polymer Synthesis

Summary: The applications of calixarenes in polymer synthesis have been reviewed. Calixarenes have been used as ligands to prepare rare earth calixarene complexes. A series of rare earth calixarene complexes have been synthesized and employed as efficient catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene, styrene, butadiene, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, trimethylene carbonate, and 5,5-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate. On the other hand, the synthesis and characterization of star-shaped polymers with calixarene as core molecules are also described.     

Morphology,thermal stability,and flammability of polymer matrix composites coated with hybrid nanopapers

In this study, a hybrid nanopaper consisting of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS) or cloisite Na⁺ clay, has been fabricated through the papermaking process. The hybrid nanopaper was then coated on the surface of glass fiber (GF) reinforced polymer matrix composites through resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The morphologies of the hybrid nanopaper and resulting nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be seen that the nanopaper had a porous structure with highly entangled carbon nanofibers and the polyester resin completely penetrated the nanopaper throughout the thickness. The thermal decomposition behavior of the hybrid nanopapers and nanocomposites was studied with the real‐time thermogravimetric analysis/ flourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA/FTIR). The test results indicate that the addition of pristine nanoclay increased the thermal stability of the nanopaper, whereas the POSS particles decreased the thermal stability of the nanopaper. The fire retardant performance of composite laminates coated with the hybrid nanopaper was evaluated with cone calorimeter tests using a radiated heat flux of 50 kW/m². The cone calorimeter test results indicate that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased dramatically in composite laminates coated with the CNF‐clay nanopaper. However, the PHRRs of the CNF‐POSS nanopaper coated composite laminates increased. The formation of compact char materials was observed on the surface of the residues of the CNF‐clay nanopaper after cone calorimeter test. The flame retardant mechanisms of the hybrid nanopaper in the composite laminates are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加盐导致的全氟辛酸盐表面活性的反常行为

通过测定全氟辛酸铵(APFO)、全氟辛酸三甲铵(TMHPFO)、全氟辛酸三乙铵(TEHPFO)在不同浓度NaCl (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mol•L^－1)存在时水溶液的表面张力曲线, 考察不同反离子的氟表面活性剂其表面活性随无机盐浓度的变化. 结果表明, NaCl对APFO的胶束化有明显的促进作用|对于TMHPFO和TEHPFO则在NaCl浓度较低时有很小的促进作用, NaCl浓度较高时由于Na^＋和N(CH₃) (或N(CH₂CH₃) )之间的离子交换作用反而临界胶束浓度(cmc)增大. APFO, TMHPFO的最低表面张力(γ_cmc)随着NaCl浓度的增大而增大. 而对于TEHPFO, 少量NaCl的加入有利于降低γ_cmc、然后随着NaCl浓度的增大TEHPFO的γ_cmc增大. 这说明, 加盐溶液中始终存在着屏蔽效应和离子交换作用的竞争, 随着NaCl浓度增大离子交换趋势增大|对于疏水性较高的三乙铵离子在NaCl存在的情况下离子交换作用导致的γ_cmc升高需要更高的NaCl浓度才能显现. 通常认为外加无机盐是增强表面活性剂的表面活性的方法之一, 本工作表明, 对于有些反离子为有机阳离子的氟表面活性剂, 外加无机盐, 如NaCl, 不仅不能起到显著的增效作用, 浓度大时甚至会降低表面活性剂的效能. 所以这类表面活性剂在实际使用时应尽量避免高盐环境.