Modular amino acids and β‐amino alcohol‐based chiral ligands for enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes

Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a series of aromatic aldehydes was developed using a modular amino acids and ${\bf \beta}$ ‐amino alcohol‐based chiral ligand (2R)‐N‐[(1R,2S)‐1‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐yl]‐3‐phenyl‐2‐(tosylamino) propanamide ( 1f ) without using titanium complex. The catalytic system employing 15 mol% of 1f was found to promote the addition of diethylzinc (ZnEt₂) to a wide range of aromatic aldehydes with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents, giving up to 97% ee of the corresponding secondary alcohol under mild conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology,thermal stability,and flammability of polymer matrix composites coated with hybrid nanopapers

In this study, a hybrid nanopaper consisting of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS) or cloisite Na⁺ clay, has been fabricated through the papermaking process. The hybrid nanopaper was then coated on the surface of glass fiber (GF) reinforced polymer matrix composites through resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The morphologies of the hybrid nanopaper and resulting nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be seen that the nanopaper had a porous structure with highly entangled carbon nanofibers and the polyester resin completely penetrated the nanopaper throughout the thickness. The thermal decomposition behavior of the hybrid nanopapers and nanocomposites was studied with the real‐time thermogravimetric analysis/ flourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA/FTIR). The test results indicate that the addition of pristine nanoclay increased the thermal stability of the nanopaper, whereas the POSS particles decreased the thermal stability of the nanopaper. The fire retardant performance of composite laminates coated with the hybrid nanopaper was evaluated with cone calorimeter tests using a radiated heat flux of 50 kW/m². The cone calorimeter test results indicate that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased dramatically in composite laminates coated with the CNF‐clay nanopaper. However, the PHRRs of the CNF‐POSS nanopaper coated composite laminates increased. The formation of compact char materials was observed on the surface of the residues of the CNF‐clay nanopaper after cone calorimeter test. The flame retardant mechanisms of the hybrid nanopaper in the composite laminates are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reductive Coupling of Aryl Halides via C-H Activation of Indene

Main observation and conclusion This paper describes the first case of a reductive coupling reaction with indene,a non-heteroatom olefin used as a reducing agen...     

Orthogonal carbazole-perylene bisimide pentad:a photoconversion-tunable photosensitizer with diversified excitation and excited-state relaxation pathways

Integrating multiple photosensitive properties into an "all-in-one" photosensitizer (PS) shows great promise for the treatment of cancers owing to synergistic e...     

加盐导致的全氟辛酸盐表面活性的反常行为

通过测定全氟辛酸铵(APFO)、全氟辛酸三甲铵(TMHPFO)、全氟辛酸三乙铵(TEHPFO)在不同浓度NaCl (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mol•L^－1)存在时水溶液的表面张力曲线, 考察不同反离子的氟表面活性剂其表面活性随无机盐浓度的变化. 结果表明, NaCl对APFO的胶束化有明显的促进作用|对于TMHPFO和TEHPFO则在NaCl浓度较低时有很小的促进作用, NaCl浓度较高时由于Na^＋和N(CH₃) (或N(CH₂CH₃) )之间的离子交换作用反而临界胶束浓度(cmc)增大. APFO, TMHPFO的最低表面张力(γ_cmc)随着NaCl浓度的增大而增大. 而对于TEHPFO, 少量NaCl的加入有利于降低γ_cmc、然后随着NaCl浓度的增大TEHPFO的γ_cmc增大. 这说明, 加盐溶液中始终存在着屏蔽效应和离子交换作用的竞争, 随着NaCl浓度增大离子交换趋势增大|对于疏水性较高的三乙铵离子在NaCl存在的情况下离子交换作用导致的γ_cmc升高需要更高的NaCl浓度才能显现. 通常认为外加无机盐是增强表面活性剂的表面活性的方法之一, 本工作表明, 对于有些反离子为有机阳离子的氟表面活性剂, 外加无机盐, 如NaCl, 不仅不能起到显著的增效作用, 浓度大时甚至会降低表面活性剂的效能. 所以这类表面活性剂在实际使用时应尽量避免高盐环境.     

氯离子柱撑水滑石共沉淀法合成反应动力学

根据氯离子型层状复合氢氧化物(LDH-Cl)制备过程中溶液浓度变化的监测结果和不同反应进程时产物的EDS、IR、XRD、TEM、TG-DTA表征结果,研究了合成LDH-Cl的共沉淀反应动力学特征及机理.实验结果表明, LDH-Cl的生成符合多核层表面反应动力学模型;反应过程中LDH的晶胞参数c从2.421 nm变为2.399 nm,通道高度h由0.3321 nm减小为0.3228 nm,粒子直径Da由6.40 nm增大为15.16 nm, Dc由7.43 nm增大到10.93 nm,纵横比由0.86增大为1.39; IR和TG-DTA特征变化表明了层板对阴离子作用的强度和层板的结构稳定性随反应进程而提高.     

THE MACQM CALCULATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CURVE OF THE BODY-CENTERED CUBIC STRUCTURE OF THE H_9~- CLUSTER

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