一种鲁棒性的最小方差无失真响应波束形成算法及其应用

理论上,自适应波束形成方法要比不依赖于输入数据的常规波束形成方法有更好的目标参数估计能力和干扰抑制能力。但在实际水声环境中,声传播模型、接收阵阵列流形以及信号统计特征等因素往往与实际情况存在一定的差异,导致传统的自适应波束形成方法性能下降。因此,提高自适应波束形成方法对上述因素的鲁棒性变得越来越重要。本文基于最差条件最优化的思想,改进MVDR(最小方差无失真响应)方法的约束条件提出了一种鲁棒性最小方差无失真响应自适应波束形成算法(R-MVDR),并对输入数据协方差矩阵和方向向量存在不确定性的情况进行了性能分析,推导给出了波束形成的加权向量和空间谱估计表达式,最后通过海上实验数据进行了验证。结果证明本文提出的算法在实际环境中有更好的方位分辨能力和干扰抑制能力。     

负氢离子源中多峰磁场形态数值模拟

基于磁荷模型,在有限差分法基础上,推导了3维永磁体数值算法,结合全3维PIC/MCC粒子模拟算法,数值分析比较了外置型和“伞状”型两种特殊形态多峰磁场对电子能量沉积的影响。模拟结果表明:二者都能对粒子起到约束作用且能过滤引出负氢离子,同时二者电子能量分布规律基本一致,都呈现了双电子能态,符合等离子体放电基本机理;外置型过滤磁场对粒子的约束能力更强,能明显产生更多的粒子,总粒子数大约是“伞状”型过滤磁场情况下的4倍;“伞状”型过滤磁场能有效地抑制由磁场不均匀所引起的电子漂移,使产生的负氢离子空间分布更均匀。模拟结果与国外实验结果基本一致。     

The materials science X‐ray beamline BL8 at the DELTA storage ring

The hard X‐ray beamline BL8 at the superconducting asymmetric wiggler at the 1.5 GeV Dortmund Electron Accelerator DELTA is described. This beamline is dedicated to X‐ray studies in the spectral range from ～1 keV to ～25 keV photon energy. The monochromator as well as the other optical components of the beamline are optimized accordingly. The endstation comprises a six‐axis diffractometer that is capable of carrying heavy loads related to non‐ambient sample environments such as, for example, ultrahigh‐vacuum systems, high‐pressure cells or liquid‐helium cryostats. X‐ray absorption spectra from several reference compounds illustrate the performance. Besides transmission measurements, fluorescence detection for dilute sample systems as well as surface‐sensitive reflection‐mode experiments have been performed. The results show that high‐quality EXAFS data can be obtained in the quick‐scanning EXAFS mode within a few seconds of acquisition time, enabling time‐resolved in situ experiments using standard beamline equipment that is permanently available. The performance of the new beamline, especially in terms of the photon flux and energy resolution, is competitive with other insertion‐device beamlines worldwide, and several sophisticated experiments including surface‐sensitive EXAFS experiments are feasible.     

Raman scattering of L‐tryptophan enhanced by surface plasmon of silver nanoparticles: vibrational assignment and structural determination

Vibrational bands of L ‐tryptophan which was adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles (∼10 nm in diameter) have been investigated in the spectral range of 200–1700 cm⁻¹ using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Compared with the normal Raman scattering (NRS) of L ‐tryptophan in either 0.5 M aqueous solution (NRS‐AS) or solid powder (NRS‐SP), the intensified signals by SERS have made the SERS investigation at a lower molecular concentration (5 × 10⁻⁴ M ) possible. Ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G level have been carried out to predict the optimal structure and vibrational wavenumbers for the zwitterionic form of L ‐tryptophan. Facilitated with the theoretical prediction, the observed vibrational modes of L ‐tryptophan in the NRS‐AS, NRS‐SP, and SERS spectra have been analyzed. In the spectroscopic observations, there are no significant changes for the vibrational bands of the indole ring in either NRS‐AS, NRS‐SP, or SERS. In contrast, spectral intensities involving the vibrations of carboxylate and amino groups are weak in NRS‐AS and NRS‐SP, but strong in SERS. The intensity enhancement in the SERS spectrum can reach 10³–10⁴‐fold magnification. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the carboxylate and amino groups of L ‐tryptophan are determined to be the preferential terminal groups to attach onto the surfaces of Ag nanoparticles in the SERS measurement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The structural and electronic properties of silicon nanoribbons on Ag(110): A first principles study

We have investigated the structures of silicon nanoribbons on Ag(110) using first principles calculations. The armchair silicon nanoribbons (ASiNRs) and zigzag silicon nanoribbons (ZSiNRs) with different widths are analyzed. The formation energy study shows that the ASiNRs with the width of 16 Å are the most stable structures. These ASiNRs have the structural parameters same as experimental ones. The simulated scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of these ASiNRs also agree well with the experimental results. Thus, these ASiNRs are supposed to be the nanoribbons grown in experiment. The electronic structures shows that the ASiNRs are metallic, which is in agreement with the experiments.     

Observation of a charmoniumlike state produced in association with a J/psi in e+e- annihilation at sqrt[s] approximately equal to 10.6 GeV

We report the first observation of a charmoniumlike state recoiling from the J/psi in the inclusive process e+e- -->J/psi+anything at a mass of (3.943+/-0.006+/-0.006) GeV/c{2}. We also observe the decay of this state into D*D[over ] and determine its intrinsic width to be less than 52 MeV/c{2} at the 90% C.L. These results are obtained from a 357 fb{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector near the Upsilon(4S) resonance, at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.     

Combinatorial investigation of nanostructures formed in a titanium dioxide based nanocomposite film on top of fluor‐doped tin oxide layers

Nanostructures formed in a titanium dioxide (TiO₂)–poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(ethyleneoxide) nanocomposite film on top of fluor‐doped tin oxide (FTO) layers are investigated. The combinatorial approach is based on probing a wedge‐shaped FTO‐gradient with grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) in combination with a moderate micro‐focus X‐ray beam. The characteristic lateral length is given by adjacent nanowire‐shaped TiO₂ regions. It decreases from 200 nm on the thick FTO layer to 90 nm on the bare glass surface.

     

An integrated phase-resolved fluorescence imaging system with sub-nanosecond lifetime resolution

In this paper, a novel configuration of an integrated phase-resolved (PR) fingerprint fluorescence imaging system is proposed and implemented. In this integrated PR imaging system, a current modulated 402 nm dual diode laser is proposed to be the light source, to obtain both high laser power and easy modulability. To estimate the lifetime resolution of this PR imaging system, a novel method of using distance-selective suppression of fluorescence signals from two identical fluorescing samples is proposed. Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that this integrated PR imaging system has a lifetime resolution of 0.1 ns. Fingerprint detection experiments are also carried out using this system with latent fingerprints deposited on substrates of aluminum foil and currency.     

Fluctuation of Quantum Information Density in Curved Time-Space

A dynamical equation for quantum information density （QID） in curved spacetime is presented. The related fluctuation of QID with quantum Einstein equation is also discussed, which reveals the measuring of the dynamical mutual information condition using a Gaussian quantum channel.     

Mode correlation and coherent-mode decomposition of laser beams

Theory of the coherent-mode decomposition of laser beams is proposed. The new model for the flat-topped beams proposed by Li recently is taken as an example. The analytical expressions for the M^2-factor and mode coherence coefficients of flat-topped beams have been derived in the rectangular coordinate system, by means of which the mode correlation, mode structure, and coherent-mode decomposition of flat-topped beams can be analysed.