Disorder structure of free-flow and global jams in the extended BML model

The original BML model is extended by introducing extended sites, which can hold several vehicles at each time-step. Unexpectedly, the flow in the extended model sharply transits from free-flow to global jams, but the transition is not one-order in original BML model. And congestion in the extended model appears more easily. This can ascribe to the mixture of vehicles from different directions in one site, leading to the drop-off of the capacity of the site. Furthermore, the typical configuration of free flowing and global jams in the extended models is disorder, different from the regular structure in the original model.     

Morphology Development in Multi‐Component Polymer Blends: I Composition Effect on Phase Morphology in PP/PET Polymer Blends

The relationship of the phase morphology of polypropylene/polyethylene‐terephthalate (PP/PET) blends and their corresponding compatibilized blends with composition was investigated using digital image analysis. A diameter, d _g , was defined and calculated to discuss the phase morphology of this polymer blend system. A figure‐estimation method was introduced to determine the width of the distribution of d _g . Based on the method, it is proven that the distribution of d _g obeys a log‐normal distribution and consequently, the distribution width, σ was calculated. Further, a fractal dimension, D _f , was introduced to describe the distribution of main sizes of the particles of the dispersed phase. The results showed that, while d _g increased with the concentration of the dispersed phase, σ and D _f show different dependence relations on composition;σ increases monotonously but D _f shows a maximum at a PET content of 30%, indicating that, even though the whole size distribution is much broader, the distribution of the main body of size becomes more uniform when the content of PET is less than 30%.     

Rational Design of an Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Chemodosimeter by a Dual Quenching Mechanism for Cysteine Based on a Facile Michael‐Transcyclization Cascade Reaction

Differentiation of biologically important thiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) is still a challenging task. Herein, we present a novel fluorescent chemodosimeter capable of selectively detecting Cys over other biothiols including Hcy and GSH and other amino acids by a facile thiol‐Michael addition/transcyclization rearrangement cascade click process. The unique transcyclization step is critical for the selectivity as a result of the kinetically favorable formation of a six‐membered ring with the Cys Michael adduct. Moreover, the probe adopts a distinctive dual quenching mechanism—photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) to deliver a drastic turn‐on fluorescence response only at the Cys‐selective transcylization step. The judicious selection of strong electron‐withdrawing naphthalimide fluorophore with maleimide group enhances the electrophilicity and thus reactivity for the cascade process leading to fast detection and ultrasensitivity with a detection limit of 2.0 nm (S/N=3). The probe has demonstrated its practical utility potential in Cys imaging in live cells.     

Graphite–boron composite heater in a Kawai-type apparatus: the inhibitory effect of boron oxide and countermeasures

We have investigated the performance of a graphite–boron composite (GBC) with 3?wt % boron as a precursor for a boron-doped diamond heater in a Kawai-type apparatus at 15?GPa. We first tested a machinable cylinder of GBC sintered at 1000°C in Ar/H₂ gas (99:1 molar ratio). Boron oxide (B₂O₃) formed during sintering frequently hindered the GBC heater from stable operation at temperatures higher than 1400°C by producing melt throughout the heater together with oxide and/or silicates. We then rinsed the GBC heater in hydrochloric acid to remove B₂O₃. After rinsing, we succeeded in stably generating temperatures higher than 2000°C. We also improved a molding process of different-sized GBC tubes for convenient use and tested the molded GBC heater. It was free from the B₂O₃ problem. The electromotive force of the W/Re thermocouple was successfully monitored up to 2400°C.