Enhance ZnO Photocatalytic Performance via Radiation Modified g-C3N4

Environmental pollution, especially water pollution, is becoming increasingly serious. Organic dyes are one type of the harmful pollutants that pollute groundwater and destroy ecosystems. In this work, a series of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)/ZnO photocatalysts were facilely synthesized through a grinding method using ZnO nanoparticles and g-C₃N₄ as the starting materials. According to the results, the photocatalytic performance of 10 wt.% CN-200/Z-500 (CN-200, which g-C₃N₄ was 200 kGy, referred to the irradiation metering. Z-500, which ZnO was 500 °C, referred to the calcination temperature) with the CN-200 exposed to electron beam radiation was better than those of either Z-500 or CN-200 alone. This material displayed a 98.9% degradation rate of MB (20 mg/L) in 120 min. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance of the 10 wt.% CN-200/Z-500 composite material was caused by the improvement of the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, which was, in turn, due to the formation of heterojunctions between CN-200 and Z-500 interfaces. Thus, this study proposes the application of electron-beam irradiation technology for the modification of photocatalytic materials and the improvement of photocatalytic performance.     

Binding FSI− to Construct a Self-Healing SEI Film for Li-Metal Batteries by In situ Crosslinking Vinyl Ionic Liquid

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) membrane on the Li metal anode tends to breakdown and undergo reconstruction during operation, causing Li metal batteries to experience accelerated decay. Notably, an SEI membrane with self-healing characteristics can help considerably in stabilizing the Li-electrolyte interface; however, uniformly fixing the repairing agent onto the anode remains a challenging task. By leveraging the noteworthy film-forming attributes of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI⁻) anions and the photopolymerization property of the vinyl group, the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (VMI-FSI) was crosslinked with polyethylene oxide (PEO) in this study to form a self-healing film fixing FSI⁻ groups as the repairing agent. When they encounter lithium metal, the FSI⁻ groups are chemically decomposed into LiF & Li₃N, which assist forming SEI membrane on lithium sheet and repairing SEI membrane in the cracks lacerated by lithium dendrite. Furthermore, the FSI⁻ anions exchanged from film are electrochemically decomposed to generate inorganic salts to strengthen the SEI membrane. Benefiting from the self-healing behavior of the film, Li/LiCoO₂ cells with the loading of 16.3 mg cm⁻² exhibit the initial discharge capacities of 183.0 mAh ⋅ g⁻¹ and are stably operated for 500 cycles with the retention rates of 81.4 % and the average coulombic efficiency of 99.97 %, operated between 3.0–4.5 V vs. Li⁺/Li. This study presents a new design approach for self-healing Li metal anodes and durable lithium metal battery.     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测食品中的三聚氰胺

样品经均质,1%三氯乙酸溶液提取,用OASIS MCX固相萃取小柱净化,减压浓缩后以甲醇溶解定容,用Waters BEH-C8柱分离,乙腈和水为流动相,经液相色谱-串联质谱法检测.三聚氰胺线性范围为0.1～10.0mg/kg,相关系数r为0.9999,平均回收率为71%～95%,相对标准偏差为4.56%～9.82%(n=6),方法的栓出限为0.5 mg/kg.     

基于微裂纹界面摩擦生热的点火模型

开展了基于微裂纹界面摩擦生热的细观点火模型研究,采用有限元方法对包含化学反应放热和摩擦生热的热传递方程进行了离散求解,计算模型中考虑了炸药颗粒熔化对升温过程的影响。着重分析了点火模型中主要参数(热点尺度、应变率和界面压力)对炸药点火的影响规律。数值研究表明,随着热点尺度的增大,热点的温度上升越快,越容易发生点火;应变率越大或者界面压力越高,热量积累越快,炸药越容易点火。

     

Recent Development on Determination of Low-Level 90Sr in Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review

In the context of the rapid development of the world’s nuclear power industry, it is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods to support sound environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs and a cost-effective waste management strategy. As one of the most import fission products generated during human nuclear activities, ⁹⁰Sr has been widely determined based on different analytical techniques for routine radioactivity monitoring, emergency preparedness and radioactive waste management. Herein, we summarize and critically review analytical methods developed over the last few decades for the determination of ⁹⁰Sr in environmental and biological samples. Approaches applied in different steps of the analysis including sample preparation, chemical separation and detection are systematically discussed. The recent development of modern materials for ⁹⁰Sr concentration and advanced instruments for rapid ⁹⁰Sr measurement are also addressed.     

A nickel(ii)-based one-dimensional organic–inorganic halide perovskite ferroelectric with the highest Curie temperature

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) are very eye-catching due to their chemical tunability and rich physical properties such as ferroelectricity, magnetism, photovoltaic properties and photoluminescence. However, no nickel-based OIHP ferroelectrics have been reported so far. Here, we designed an ABX₃ OIHP ferroelectric (3-pyrrolinium)NiCl₃, where the 3-pyrrolinium cations are located on the voids surrounded by one-dimensional chains composed of NiCl₆-face-sharing octahedra via hydrogen bonding interactions. Such a unique structure enables the (3-pyrrolinium)NiCl₃ with a high spontaneous polarization (P_s) of 5.8 μC cm⁻² and a high Curie temperature (T_c) of 428 K, realizing dramatic enhancement of 112 and 52 K compared to its isostructural (3-pyrrolinium)MCl₃ (M = Cd, Mn). To our knowledge, remarkably, (3-pyrrolinium)NiCl₃ should be the first case of nickel(ii)-based OIHP ferroelectric to date, and its T_c of 428 K (35 K above that of BaTiO₃) is the highest among all reported one-dimensional OIHP ferroelectrics. This work offers a new structural building block for enriching the family of OIHP structures and will inspire the further exploration of new nickel(ii)-based OIHP ferroelectrics.

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) are very eye-catching due to their chemical tunability and rich physical properties such as ferroelectricity, magnetism, photovoltaic properties and photoluminescence.     

求解拓扑优化问题的一种移动渐进-小波混合算法

利用小波多分辨分析的特征,提出了一种"移动渐进-小波混合算法",通过小波分解与回复,能够消除移动渐进算法应用于拓扑优化中产生的数值不稳定现象.数值算例表明:这种混合算法相对于传统的移动渐进算法有更好的计算稳定性和收敛性.     

Improved all-optical OR logic gate based on combined Brillouin gain and loss in an optical fiber

Improved all-optical OR gates are proposed, using a novel fiber nonlinearity-based technique, based on the principles of combined Brillouin gain and loss in a polarization-maintaining fiber （PMF）. Switching contrasts are simulated to be between 82.4%-83.6%, for two respective configurations, and switching time is comparable to the phonon relaxation time in stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS）.     

Swelling and instability of a gel annulus

We study the swelling of a gel annulus attached to a rigid core when it is immersed in a solvent.For equilibrium states,the free-energy function of the gel can be converted into a strain energy function,and as a result the gel can be treated as a compressible hyperelastic material.Asymptotic methods are used to study the inhomogeneous swelling in order to obtain the leading-order solution.Some analytical insights are then deduced.Because of the compressive hoop stress in this state,at some stage instability can occur,leading to wrinkles in the gel.An incremental deformation theory in nonlinear elasticity is used to conduct a linear bifurcation analysis for understanding such instability.More specifically,the critical loading for the onset of a wrinkled state is obtained.Detailed discussions on the behaviors of various physical quantities in this critical state are given.It is found that the critical mode number,while insensitive to the material parameters,is greatly influenced by the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the gel.Also,an interesting finding is that the critical swelling ratio is an increasing function of this geometrical parameter,which implies that a thin annulus is more likely to be unstable than a thick one.