Electrode process of Nd-Fe alloy formed on iron electrode in molten chlorides

The cyclic voltammetry, convolution voltammetry and chronopotentiometry were used to study the electrode process of Nd (III) reduced on iron electrode in molten NaCl-KCl-NdCl₃ from 700 to 850°C. The electrodeposited products were analysed by X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the intermetallic compound Fe₂Nd forms first, and then the metallic neodymium deposits when Nd (III) is reduced on iron electrode. The Nd-Fe alloys rich in neodymium can be obtained by electrolysis with iron cathode in molten chlorides. The Nd-Fe alloys are composed of Fe₂Nd and Nd.     

Majorana stellar representation for mixed-spin (s, 1/2) systems

By describing the evolution of a quantum state with the trajectories of the Majorana stars on a Bloch sphere,Majorana’s stellar representation provides an intuitive geometric perspective to comprehend the quantum system with highdimensional Hilbert space.However,the representation of a two-spin coupling system on a Bloch sphere has not been solved satisfactorily yet.Here,a practical method is presented to resolve the problem for the mixed-spin(s,1/2)system and describe the entanglement of the system.The system can be decomposed into two spins:spin-(s+1/2)and spin-(s?1/2)at the coupling bases,which can be regarded as independent spins.Besides,any pure state may be written as a superposition of two orthonormal states with one spin-(s+1/2)state and the other spin-(s?1/2)state.Thus,the whole initial state can be regarded as a state of a pseudo spin-1/2.In this way,the mixed spin decomposes into three spins.Therefore,the state can be represented by(2s+1)+(2s?1)+1=4s+1 sets of stars on a Bloch sphere.Finally,some examples are given to show symmetric patterns on the Bloch sphere and unveil the properties of the high-spin system by analyzing the trajectories of the Majorana stars on the Bloch sphere.     

R-branch high-lying transition emission spectra of SbNa molecule

The calculation results of the R-branch transition emission spectra of(0–0) band of the A21 → X21 transition system of Sb Na molecule are presented in this paper. These R-branch high-lying transitional emission spectral lines are predicted by using the difference converging method(DCM). Our results show excellent agreement between DCM spectral lines and the experimental values, and the deviations are controlled within 0.0224 cm-1. What is more, based on the principle of over-determined linear equations, the prediction error is quantified in this work, which provides reliable theoretical support for our predicted DCM calculations. This work provides a lot of useful information for understanding the microstructure of Sb Na molecule.     

Intelligent Fault Identification for Rolling Bearings Fusing Average Refined Composite Multiscale Dispersion Entropy-Assisted Feature Extraction and SVM with Multi-Strategy Enhanced Swarm Optimization

Rolling bearings act as key parts in many items of mechanical equipment and any abnormality will affect the normal operation of the entire apparatus. To diagnose the faults of rolling bearings effectively, a novel fault identification method is proposed by merging variational mode decomposition (VMD), average refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (ARCMDE) and support vector machine (SVM) optimized by multistrategy enhanced swarm optimization in this paper. Firstly, the vibration signals are decomposed into different series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) based on VMD with the center frequency observation method. Subsequently, the proposed ARCMDE, fusing the superiorities of DE and average refined composite multiscale procedure, is employed to enhance the ability of the multiscale fault-feature extraction from the IMFs. Afterwards, grey wolf optimization (GWO), enhanced by multistrategy including levy flight, cosine factor and polynomial mutation strategies (LCPGWO), is proposed to optimize the penalty factor C and kernel parameter g of SVM. Then, the optimized SVM model is trained to identify the fault type of samples based on features extracted by ARCMDE. Finally, the application experiment and contrastive analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed VMD-ARCMDE-LCPGWO-SVM method.     

Improvement on the manipulation of a single nitrogen-vacancy spin and microwave photon at single-quantum level

It remains a great challenge to realize direct manipulation of a nitrogen-vacancy(NV) spin at the single-quantum level with a microwave(MW) cavity. As an alternative, a hybrid system with the spin–phonon–photon triple interactions mediated by a squeezed cantilever-type harmonic resonator is proposed. According to the general mechanical parametric amplification of this in-between phonon mode, the direct spin–phonon and photon–phonon couplings are both exponentially enhanced, which can even further improve the coherent manipulation of a single NV spin and MW photon with a higher efficiency. In view of this triple system with enhanced couplings and the additional sideband adjustable designs, this scheme may provide a more efficient phonon-mediated platform to bridge or manipulate the MW quantum and a single electron spin coherently. It is also hoped to evoke wider applications in the areas of quantum state transfer and preparation,ultrasensitive detection and quantum nondestructive measurement, etc.     

信息化课堂教学设计--以“刚体定轴转动的角动量及角动量守恒定律”为例

遵循“学生主体、教师主导”的教育教学理念,借助信息化教学工具,合理有效地设计好每一个教学环节.采用演示、体验、探究、问题导向和分组讨论等教学手段和方法,让学生在课堂中自主发现问题、分析问题并解决问题,实现“学生做中学、教师做中教”,大大提升教学效果.     

气体团簇离子束两步能量修形法的平坦化效应

本文提出采用气体团簇离子束的两步能量修形法来改善4H-SiC(1000)晶片表面形貌.先用15 keV的高能Ar团簇离子进行整体修形,再用5 keV的低能团簇离子优化表面.结果表明,在相同的团簇离子剂量下,与单一15 keV的高能团簇处理相比,两步法修形后的表面具有更低的均方根粗糙度,两者分别为1.05 nm和0.78 nm.本文还以原子级平坦表面为研究对象,揭示了载能团簇引起的半球形离子损伤(弧坑)与团簇能量的关系,及两步能量修形法在弧坑修复中的优势.在原子力显微镜表征的基础上,引入了二维功率谱密度函数,以直观全面地给出材料的表面形貌特征及其随波长(频率)的分布.结果表明,经任何能量的团簇离子轰击的表面,在0.05—0.20μm波长范围内,团簇轰击都能有效地降低粗糙度,而在0.02—0.05μm范围内,则出现了粗化效应,这是由于形成了半球形离子损伤,但第二步更低能量的团簇离子处理可以削弱这种粗化效应.     

p-TSA-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of novel 7-aryl-6H-benzo[h][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthene-5,6(7H)-diones in ethanol

A one-pot, three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol has been reported for the synthesis of novel 7-aryl-6H-benzo[h][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthene-5,6(7H)-diones using environmentally benevolent para-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) as the catalyst. This methodology provides a mild and fast route to diverse pyran derivatives in moderate to good yields.     

Metal-free and selective cleavage of unstrained carbon–carbon single bonds: Synthesis of β-ketosulfones from β-chlorohydrins and sodium sulfinates

A metal-free protocol for the selective cleavage of unstrained C–C single bonds was developed. Under the catalysis of KI and in the presence of NaHCO₃, the readily available α-chloro-β-hydroxy ketones underwent bond breaking and sulfonylation smoothly to afford β-ketosulfones with high efficiency and broad substrate scope. Mechanism investigations, both experimental and theoretical, showed that a retro-aldol cleavage/nucleophilic substitution sequence might be involved.     

Fabrication of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers with Higher Content of Polar β Phase and Smaller Diameter by Adding a Small Amount of Dioctadecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride

In this work,the effect of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DDAC,a kind of alkyl ammonium salt) on polar β phase content and the diameter of electrospun PVDF nanofibers was investigated for the first time.Our experimental results show that the diameter of the electrospun PVDF nanofiber could be largely reduced and the content of polar β phase also become dominant immediately by just adding a little amount of DDAC.When the mass fraction of DDAC reached 4%,the content of polar β phase increased by about 39.1% compared with PVDF nanofibers without DDAC.Besides,the crystallinity of PVDF nanofibers also increased with the addition of DDAC.Based on the results,the possible mechanism of cooperative effect between electrospinning and DDAC on fiber diameter and formation of β phase in PVDF was discussed.