全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25921篇 |
免费 | 3961篇 |
国内免费 | 2400篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 18015篇 |
晶体学 | 309篇 |
力学 | 1537篇 |
综合类 | 109篇 |
数学 | 2947篇 |
物理学 | 9365篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 70篇 |
2023年 | 527篇 |
2022年 | 956篇 |
2021年 | 973篇 |
2020年 | 1020篇 |
2019年 | 1004篇 |
2018年 | 841篇 |
2017年 | 731篇 |
2016年 | 1207篇 |
2015年 | 1165篇 |
2014年 | 1349篇 |
2013年 | 1798篇 |
2012年 | 2413篇 |
2011年 | 2416篇 |
2010年 | 1584篇 |
2009年 | 1509篇 |
2008年 | 1645篇 |
2007年 | 1511篇 |
2006年 | 1358篇 |
2005年 | 1156篇 |
2004年 | 844篇 |
2003年 | 642篇 |
2002年 | 609篇 |
2001年 | 443篇 |
2000年 | 435篇 |
1999年 | 513篇 |
1998年 | 428篇 |
1997年 | 437篇 |
1996年 | 454篇 |
1995年 | 360篇 |
1994年 | 310篇 |
1993年 | 238篇 |
1992年 | 236篇 |
1991年 | 199篇 |
1990年 | 169篇 |
1989年 | 143篇 |
1988年 | 98篇 |
1987年 | 109篇 |
1986年 | 87篇 |
1985年 | 82篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 43篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1957年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Let A and B be two finite subsets of a field
. In this paper, we provide a non-trivial lower bound for {a+b:aA, bB, and P(a,b)≠0} where P(x,y)
[x,y]. 相似文献
32.
33.
34.
Chen-Cheng Sun Shih-Chin Lee Yaw-Shyan Fu Yu-Hwe Lee 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(23):8295-8300
CrNx thin films have attracted much attention for semiconductor IC packaging molding dies and forming tools due to their excellent hardness, thermal stability and non-sticking properties (low surface free energy). However, few data has been published on the surface free energy (SFE) of CrNx films at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C. In this study CrNx thin films with CrN, Cr(N), Cr2N (and mixture of these phases) were prepared using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering at a wide range of Cr+2 emission intensity. The contact angles of water, di-iodomethane and ethylene glycol on the coated surfaces were measured at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C using a Dataphysics OCA-20 contact angle analyzer. The surface free energy of the CrNx films and their components (e.g., dispersion, polar) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt geometric mean approach. The influences of CrNx film surface roughness and microstructure on the surface free energy were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The experimental results showed that the lowest total SFE was obtained corresponding to CrN at temperature in 20 °C. This is lower than that of Cr(N), Cr2N (and mixture of these phases). The total SFE, dispersive SFE and polar SFE of CrNx films decreased with increasing surface temperature. The film roughness has an obvious effect on the SFE and there is tendency for the SFE to increase with increasing film surface roughness. 相似文献
35.
偶氮苯衍生物三阶非线性的四波混频研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
用皮秒Nd:YAG激光器的倍频光(532nm)对具有离域π-共轭电子云结构的偶氮苯类样品材料作简并四波混频补给,测得三阶非线性电极化率x^(3)和它们的时间响应分别为10^-9esu和20ps,并对影响x^(3)的瞬时光栅作用和x^(3)的响应时间人了讨论。 相似文献
36.
Optical properties and microstructure of Ag film on glass substrate with Cr intermediate layer were studied by using spectrophotometer and XRD. The spectra results showed that introducing Cr intermediate layer reduced the surface roughness and promoted the reflectivity of Ag film. The XRD analysis showed that the crystalline grains increased and the stress decreased. The adhesion was also improved by using the tape test method. 相似文献
37.
Films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were exposed to sodium naphthalenide (Na/naphtha) etchant so as to defluorinate the surface for obtaining hydroxyl functionality. Surface-initiators were immobilized on the PTFE films by esterification of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACP) and the hydroxyl groups covalently linked to the surface. Grafting of polymer brushes on the PTFE films was carried out by the surface-initiated free radical polymerization. Homopolymers brushes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization from the azo-functionalized PTFE surface. The chemical composition and topography of the graft-functionalized PTFE surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angles on PTFE films were reduced by surface grafting of MMA. 相似文献
38.
The constitutive behavior of porous materials (including the yield loci, the void growth rate, the macro stress-strain relation
and the strain to localization instability) is examined based on the lower bound approach proposed by the present authors.
These results are then compared with the experimental and the finite element results as well as those predicted by Gurson's
equations. Emphasis is placed on approaching the real behavior from the upper and the lower bound analysis. Calculation is
also made on the influence of void nucleation on the critical strain to instability and a modified strain-controlled nucleation
criterion is proposed. Finally the instability and fracture of AISI4340 steel in plane strain tension is examined and comparison
is made between theoretical and experimental results. 相似文献
39.
本文介绍作者近些年来对椭圆、矩形、扇形、任意三角形、正多边形、环形等各种非圆断面通道层流摩擦阻力与换热理论的研究成果,给出大量新的速度与温度场表达式,以及摩擦阻力与换热的新的计算公式。本文对传统的层流阻力与换热理论进行了一次系统的补充与完善,同时考虑到工程需要,对所有繁杂的理论公式都进行了化简,给出形式简单而且精度相当高的近似公式。 相似文献
40.
Xuefeng Yue Xinliang Lu Yongyuan Song Zongshu Shao Daliang Sun Quanzhong Jiang Huanchu Chen 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1991,53(5-6):319-322
The use of Cu-doped (K0.5Na0.5)0.2(Sr0.61Ba0.39)0.9Nb2O6 as self-pumped phase conjugators using internal reflection is reported. Reflectivities as high as 63% at 5145.5 nm and 60% at 632.8 nm were realized. It was found that the photorefractive response changes significantly at different doping concentration. The responses of the crystals to the laser wavelength, incident angle and dopant concentration are studied. 相似文献