Microsensor Chip Integrated with Gold Nanoparticles‐Modified Ultramicroelectrode Array for Improved Electroanalytical Measurement of Copper Ions

This paper presents a microsensor chip integrated with a gold nanoparticles‐modified ultramicroelectrode array (UMEA) as the working electrode for the detection of copper ions in water. The microsensor chip was fabricated with Micro‐Electromechanical System technique. Gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto the surface of UMEA at a constant potential of ?0.3 V. The ratio d/R_b of interelectrode spacing (d) over the individual electrode’s radius (R_b) was investigated to improve the electrochemical performance. The UMEA with a d/R_b of 20 showed the best hemispherical diffusion mode, resulted in fast response time and high current response. The gold nanoparticles increased the active surface area of UMEA by not changing the geometries of UMEA, and the current response was increased further. Incorporating the optimized characteristic of UMEA and gold nanoparticles, the microsensor showed a good linear range from 0.5 to 200 µg L^?1 of copper ions in the acetate buffer solutions with the method of square wave stripping voltammetry. Compared with the gold nanoparticles‐modified disk electrode, the gold nanoparticles‐modified UMEA showed higher sensitivity (0.024 µA mm^?2 µg^?1 L) and lower limit of detection (0.2 µg L^?1). Water samples from river water and tap water were analyzed by the microsensor chip with recovery ranging from 100.7 % to 107.8 %.     

Liquid fragility of the unsaturated polyester resin

Curing behaviors of the unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) containing 1–1.8 wt% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) initiator are investigated. The viscosity, gelation and vitrification transition of the UPR-MEKP systems are examined using the rotating viscometer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A liquid fragility parameter, M _c, defined as the viscosity variation rate of the liquids towards the curing temperature is presented. It is found that M _c has a good negative relation with the glass transition temperature (T _g) in the systems. M _c can be used for predicting the stability of the cured amorphous systems. The relationship between the liquid and cured thermoset polymer systems is studied from both the thermodynamic and kinetic point of view.     

Excellent degradation performance of azo dye by metallic glass/titanium dioxide composite powders

The metallic glass/titanium dioxide powders (MG/TiO₂) with enhanced photocatalytic oxidation activity were synthesized, which exhibit a higher efficiency in decolorizing methylene blue solutions (MB). Compared with the pure TiO₂ and crystalline alloy/TiO₂ (CA/TiO₂) under the same circumstances, its degradation rate was 60 % and 30 % higher, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the CA/TiO₂, the MG/TiO₂ photocatalytic rate was three times faster when decolorizing MB. Considering the excellent intrinsic high-performance photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation, these novel powders were proven to have potential applications in water purification industry.     

Synthesis of Imides by Palladium‐Catalyzed C?H Functionalization of Aldehydes with Secondary Amides

An efficient palladium‐catalyzed C? H functionalization of aldehydes with various N‐substituted N‐heteroarene‐2‐carboxamides has been developed for the synthesis of secondary imides. The reaction tolerates various functionalities, such as methoxy, fluoro, chloro, and bromo groups. A tentative radical mechanism for a Pd^II/Pd^IV catalytic cycle is proposed.     

Theoretical Insights into the Nature of Halogen Bonding in Prereactive Complexes

Benchmark quality geometries and interaction energies for the prereactive halogen‐bonded complexes of dihalogens and ammonia, including hypothetical astatine containing dihalogens, have been produced via explicitly correlated coupled cluster methods. The application of local electron correlation partitioning reveals dispersion, electrostatics and ionic substitutions all contribute significantly to the interaction energy, with a linear relationship between the ionic substitutions and the degree of charge transfer. Potential energy curves for H₃N???ClF show that as the relative orientations of the two subunits are manipulated appreciable interactions can be found at considerably angular displaced geometries, signifying lower directionality in halogen bonding than previously supposed.     

High‐Order Soliton Solution of Landau–Lifshitz Equation

The Landau–Lifshitz equation is analyzed via the inverse scattering method. First, we give the well‐posedness theory for Landau–Lifshitz equation with the frame of inverse scattering method. The generalized Darboux transformation is rigorous considered in the frame of inverse scattering transformation. Finally, we give the high‐order soliton solution formula of Landau–Lifshitz equation and vortex filament equation.     

Solid-phase methylamidation for sialoglycomics by MALDI-MS

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been a major approach for glycan analysis. However, the preferential cleavage of the sialic acid moiety by in- and post-source decay influences the determination of sialylated glycans by MALDI-MS. Many chemical derivatization methods were introduced to stabilize the sialylated glycan during MALDI-MS. Among current derivatization methods, methylamidation is a promising means for simultaneous analysis of natural sialylated glycans regardless of their sialic acid linkage types. Here, a novel derivatization method was developed, in which proteins were conjugated on the solid-phase support in order to stabilize the sialic acids by methylamidation and to reduce sample loss and contamination during the derivatization process. This derivatization strategy was used to investigate N-glycans from fetuin, a glycoprotein containing different types of complex N-glycans. The developed method was also applied to the N-glycan profiling of human serum from patients and healthy volunteers. Results were consistent with N-glycan profiling by HPLC-fluorescence detection. This new method provided a sensitive, simple, and robust approach for profiling glycan structures of complex samples.     

Raman spectra of proton order of thin ice Ih film

The polarized Raman spectra of the upper part of a thin ice Ih film were obtained in the range of 150 cm⁻¹ to 3800 cm⁻¹. The spectra showed clear polarization dependence; several new peaks were also observed. The longitudinaloptic–tranverseoptic (LO–TO) splitting of the mode near 220 cm⁻¹ in the translational vibration region was experimentally confirmed at 133 K. The Fermi resonance between the bending overtone (around 3270 cm⁻¹) and symmetry stretching fundamental (around 3350 cm⁻¹) in the stretching vibration region appeared at nearly the same temperature. Results showed that ice XI (i.e. proton‐ordered phase of ice Ih) slowly formed in the upper part of a thin ice Ih film without KOH as the temperature gradually decreased below 133 K. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aluminum fluoride-18-labelled indocyanine green as a potential PET imaging agent for hepatic function reserve

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - This study evaluated the potential of Al18F-labelled restrained complexing agent (RESCA)-ICG to assess hepatic function reserve on PET/CT imaging....     

钯合金膜分离纯化氢同位素的研究进展

钯合金膜因其具有优异的透氢性能及良好的化学和热稳定性,已被广泛应用于氢同位素的分离纯化领域。而PdAg和PdY合金膜在众多钯合金膜中透氢性能出色备受关注。本文比较了PdAg、PdY等多元钯合金膜的透氢性能及抗中毒情况,总结了PdAg复合膜的制备方法及透氢选择性,重点介绍了钯合金膜分离氢同位素的研究进展,并对钯合金膜的未来研究方向进行展望。