ICP-AES测定土壤中钡、铬和锰含量的不确定度评定

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤中钡、铬和锰含量的不确定度主要来源于样品称量、样品消解液定容体积和测定样品消解液中各元素的浓度,对这些分量进行了量化计算。土壤中钡、铬和锰的质量分数可分别表示为218.5±17.1,342.5±40.4,1468.9±47.1mg/kg。影响各元素含量测量不确定度的主要因素是测量样品消解液中各元素的浓度引起的不确定度。     

关联染料敏化太阳能电池薄膜厚度与光伏性能的漂移-扩散数值模拟

建立漂移-扩散模型来模拟敏化电池的电荷分离过程.该模型能够计算在稳态和非稳态条件下光生电子的多步受限扩散及其与电子受体的复合反应.通过对电池的电流-电压曲线的数值模拟,优化了电池的薄膜厚度并获得了最大的光电转换效率.发现膜厚的增加降低了电荷收集效率,但有利于提高电子注入流率,光电流的输出正是受控于这两个因素.复合速率常数严重影响了膜厚优化的结果.较厚的薄膜适合于电子复合被充分抑制的电池,而较薄的薄膜有利于降低快复合电池的电子复合损失.在开路条件下,膜厚的提高会减小电子浓度,在造成光电压的降低的同时会提高电子寿命.     

Modification of three dimensional topography of the machined KDP crystal surface using wavelet analysis method

The wavelet analysis method has been extensively employed to analyze the surface structures and evaluate the surface roughness. In this work, however, the wavelet analysis method was introduced to decompose and reconstruct the sampled surface profile signals in the cutting direction that achieved by SPDT (single point diamond turning) operation, and the surface profile signals in tool feeding direction were reconstructed with the approximate harmonic functions directly. And moreover, the orthogonal design method, i.e. the combination design of general rotary method, was resorted to model the variations of the independent frequency and amplitude of different simulated harmonic signals in the cutting and tool feeding directions. As expected resultantly, a novel 3D surface topography modeling solution was established, which aims to predict and modify the finished KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate or KH₂PO₄) crystal surfaces. The validation tests were carried out finally under different cutting conditions, and the collected average surface roughness in any case was compared with the corresponding value as predicted. The results indicated the experimental data were well consistent with the predictions, and only an average relative error of 11.4% occurred in predicting the average surface roughness.     

ZnS thin film deposited with chemical bath deposition process directed by different stirring speeds

In this combined film thickness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and optical properties study, we explore the effects of different stirring speeds on the growth and optical properties of ZnS film deposited by CBD method. From the disclosed changes of thickness of ZnS film, we conclude that film thickness is independent of the stirring speeds in the heterogeneous process (deposition time less than 40 min), but increases with the stirring speeds and/or deposition time increasing in the homogeneous process. Grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and the study of optical properties disclosed that the ZnS films grown with different stirring speeds show partially crystallized film and exhibit good transmittance (70-88% in the visible region), but the stirring speeds cannot give much effects on the structure and optical properties in the homogeneous process.     

Polarization phase-shifting Jamin shearing interferometer

The Jamin shearing interferometer is very useful in wavefront testing, especially for the low coherent light. Based on this interferometer, a polarization phase-shifting Jamin shearing interferometer is proposed to improve the performance. In the interferometer, two interference beams are linearly polarized and a polarization phase shifter is applied to realize the phase shifting. Different types of configurations of the interferometer are given. With phase-shifting interferograms, the precision of the interferometer can be improved. The interferometer is kept as an equal optical path system and its shearing amount remains changeable with simple structure and easy operation. In experiments, phase-shifting interferograms are obtained by rotating the analyzer. The usefulness of the interferometer is verified.     

Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 thin films coated on metal substrate

Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films have been prepared on metal substrates using a facile layer-by-layer dip-coating method. The phase structure and morphologies of preparing samples were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results confirm that films are highly crystalline anatase TiO₂ and free from other phases of titanium dioxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the nanoparticles are sintered together to form a compact structure. The electrical properties of samples were investigated by cutternt-voltage analysis, the result indicates that a rectifying junction between the nanocrystalline TiO₂ film and metal substrate was formed. The photoelectrochemical characteristics recorded under 1.5 AM illumination indicates that the as-fabricated thin film electrode possesses the highest photocurrent density at 450 °C, which is 1.75 mA/cm² at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl.     

Influence of absorbed moisture on desizing of poly(vinyl alcohol) on cotton fabrics during atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment

This paper studies the influence of moisture absorption of cotton fabrics on the effectiveness of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) on desizing of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Cotton fabrics with three different moisture regains (MR), namely 1.8%, 7.3%, and 28.4% corresponding to 10%, 65%, and 98% of relative humidity respectively, are treated for 16 s, 32 s, 48 s, and 64 s. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that the plasma treated PVA has higher oxygen concentration than the control. Mass loss results show that the fabric with the highest MR has the largest mass loss after 64 s plasma exposure. Solubility measurement reveals that the sample with the lowest MR has the highest desizing efficacy and the percent desizing ratio reaches 96% after 64 s exposure plus a 20 min hot wash, which is shown as clean as the unsized sample through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The yarn tensile strength test results show that APPJ has no negative effect on fabric tensile strength.     

KGd(MoO4)2:Eu as a promising red phosphor for light-emitting diode application

A red phosphor KGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ was prepared by solid-state reaction technique at high temperature. Its photoluminescent property was investigated and the optimum concentration of Eu³⁺ doped in the KGd(MoO₄)₂ is 25 mol%. Compared with Y₂O₂S:0.05Eu³⁺, the obtained KGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ shows wider excitation band around 400 nm, higher intensity of Eu^{3+ 5}D₀–⁷F₂ emission upon excitation 393 nm, and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.655, y = 0.345) are closer to the standard of National Television Standard Committee (NTSC). The optical properties of KGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ suggest that it is an efficient red-emitting phosphor for light-emitting diode applications.     

Ferromagnetism in ZnCoO thin films deposited by PLD

Multilayer structures A–B–A⋅⋅⋅ consisting of alternating layers of a metal A and a semiconductor B can show large anisotropy in their transport properties. In tilted multilayer structures, where layer planes and sample surface include a nonzero tilt angle, nonvanishing off-diagonal elements in the sample’s transport tensors lead to transverse Seebeck and Peltier effects. Achievable temperature differences and figures of merit for transverse Peltier cooling are discussed and compared with experiments, coefficients of performance for transverse power generation are calculated.     

Exergetic efficiency optimization for an irreversible heat pump working on reversed Brayton cycle

This paper deals with the performance analysis and optimization for irreversible heat pumps working on reversed Brayton cycle with constant-temperature heat reservoirs by taking exergetic efficiency as the optimization objective combining exergy concept with finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). Exergetic efficiency is defined as the ratio of rate of exergy output to rate of exergy input of the system. The irreversibilities considered in the system include heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and non-isentropic losses in the compression and expansion processes. The analytical formulas of the heating load, coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency for the heat pumps are derived. The results are compared with those obtained for the traditional heating load and coefficient of performance objectives. The influences of the pressure ratio of the compressor, the allocation of heat exchanger inventory, the temperature ratio of two reservoirs, the effectiveness of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and regenerator, the efficiencies of the compressor and expander, the ratio of hot-side heat reservoir temperature to ambient temperature, the total heat exchanger inventory, and the heat capacity rate of the working fluid on the exergetic efficiency of the heat pumps are analysed by numerical calculations. The results show that the exergetic efficiency optimization is an important and effective criterion for the evaluation of an irreversible heat pump working on reversed Brayton cycle.