Approaching the Lithiation Limit of MoS2 While Maintaining Its Layered Crystalline Structure to Improve Lithium Storage

MoS₂ holds great promise as high‐rate electrode for lithium‐ion batteries since its large interlayer can allow fast lithium diffusion in 3.0–1.0 V. However, the low theoretical capacity (167 mAh g^?1) limits its wide application. Here, by fine tuning the lithiation depth of MoS₂, we demonstrate that its parent layered structure can be preserved with expanded interlayers while cycling in 3.0–0.6 V. The deeper lithiation and maintained crystalline structure endows commercially micrometer‐sized MoS₂ with a capacity of 232 mAh g^?1 at 0.05 A g^?1 and circa 92 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^?1. Moreover, the enlarged interlayers enable MoS₂ to release a capacity of 165 mAh g^?1 at 5.0 A g^?1, which is double the capacity obtained under 3.0–1.0 V at the same rate. Our strategy of controlling the lithiation depth of MoS₂ to avoid fracture ushers in new possibilities to enhance the lithium storage of layered transition‐metal dichalcogenides.     

Phase Transformation Behavior of a Two‐Dimensional Zeolite

Understanding the molecular‐level mechanisms of phase transformation in solids is of fundamental interest for functional materials such as zeolites. Two‐dimensional (2D) zeolites, when used as shape‐selective catalysts, can offer improved access to the catalytically active sites and a shortened diffusion length in comparison with their 3D analogues. However, few materials are known to maintain both their intralayer microporosity and structure during calcination for organic structure‐directing agent (SDA) removal. Herein we report that PST‐9, a new 2D zeolite which has been synthesized via the multiple inorganic cation approach and fulfills the requirements for true layered zeolites, can be transformed into the small‐pore zeolite EU‐12 under its crystallization conditions through the single‐layer folding process, but not through the traditional dissolution/recrystallization route. We also show that zeolite crystal growth pathway can differ according to the type of organic SDAs employed.     

Ionic liquid-crystalline polymer-based quaternary phosphonium salt

A series of quaternary phosphonium salts based on ionic liquid-crystalline polymers which were synthesised by triphenylphosphine and brominated polysiloxanes containing cholesteryl mesogens. The chemical structures, liquid crystalline properties and antimicrobial performance of [ChP]Brs were investigated by a series of test methods. [ChP]Brs showed smectic A mesophase with a wide temperature range of liquid crystalline phase in the heating and cooling cycles. The glass transition temperature and clearing point temperature decreased with the increase of triphenylphosphine content. While the increase of phosphorus content lead to the increase of antibacterial properties of polymers. The liquid crystal polymer provides full spatial support for complete contact between phosphorus ions and bacteria, So that the quaternary phosphonium salt can be fully sterilised.     

高浓度乳液稳定性评价方法及其应用

分散相液滴的粒径及其分布是影响乳液性质的重要因素,其随时间及环境的变化可用于评价乳液的稳定性。动态光散射等方法难以用于准确测量高浓度乳液液滴粒径。本文报道了一种可用于准确、高效测量乳液液滴粒径的成像表征方法。该方法采用荧光染料标记乳液液滴,利用激光扫描共聚焦荧光显微成像技术获取三张焦平面间距确定的乳液光学切片,由光学切片给出的乳液液滴表观直径计算进而确定所测量乳液液滴的粒径。我们将上述方法用于表征高浓度原油模拟物-水乳液的稳定性,结果表明本文提出的方法可以准确、高效地测量乳液液滴的抗凝聚稳定性,而目前广泛采用的"瓶试法"则难以反映乳液液滴的抗凝聚稳定性。     

Triazole-gold (TAAu) catalyzed three-component coupling (A3 reaction) towards the synthesis of 2, 4-disubstituted quinoline derivatives

A gold-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction (A3 reaction) was developed as an efficient approach for the synthesis of challenging 2,4-disubstituted quinoline derivatives. Compared to previously reported Cu/Au bi-catalyst system, this protocol enables achieving A3 reaction only in the presence of triazole-gold catalyst. Notably, 4-alkyl substituted or 2-alkyl substituted quinoline derivatives were obtained with good yields, which highlighted the unique advantage of this new strategy.     

Influences of Synthesis Conditions on the Formation of Methotrexate Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides by Exfoliation-reassembly Route

The intercalation of methotrexate(MTX) into layered double hydroxides(LDHs) via an exfoliation-reassembly process was performed and the resulting hybrids were then characterized by X-ray difEractiometry( XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), etc. In the synthesis procedure, LDHs particles were firstly delaminated, and the reassembly process was performed to get MTX intercalated LDH(MTX/LDHs) hybrids. Tlie reassembly conditions, such as reassembly time and diflerent reassembly solvent, were studied emphatically. It was fbimd that 20 min is the optimum time and formamide is the most suitable solvent in the reassembly process. At last, the controlled release property and the drug-loading capacity were examined emphatically to reveal that MTX/LDHs hybrids reassembled in fomiamide exhibit the highest drug-loading capacity. The cytotoxicity of the hybrids was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-/7-tetrazolium bromide, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assays on the human lung cancer cells(A549), with the results showing that MTX/LDHs hybrids have effective suppress role on the proliferation of cancer cells, and tlie hybrids obtained from the formamide solution present much better anticancer efleet than the other samples.     

Surface treatment of single sisal fibers with bacterial cellulose and its enhancement in fiber-polymer adhesion properties

In this work, a simple and effective method to modify the surface of single sisal fibers with G. xylinum was described. Single fiber tensile strength test, single fiber fragmentation test, thermal gravimetric analyses were conducted to assess the effects of different modification methods (unmodified, NaOH treatment and BC treatment). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and water uptake experiments were employed to characterize the resulting interfacial adhesion. It was shown that BC treatment produced better reinforced polymer composites with improved mechanical and long-term properties. The results also elucidated that BC nanofibrils formed a dense three dimensional network on single sisal fibers covering the roughened surface and filling the grooves and other surface ‘defects’ caused by NaOH modification in addition to its exposed hydroxyl groups to form hydrogen bonds with sisal fiber, all contributed to enhanced mechanical properties of sisal fibers as well as the better binding between sisal fibers and resin matrix. Moreover, this work also confirmed that internal geometrical and morphological differences exist in sisal fibers and this result is insightful for future natural fiber research about the importance of careful selection of fibers for consistent comparisons.     

窗函数在扬声器异常声客观检测中的影响

该文研究了基于短时傅里叶变换的扬声器异常声检测方法中,窗函数对特征距离阈值设定的影响。以连续对数扫频信号激励被测扬声器单元,并对响应信号进行短时傅里叶变换。通过对比不同窗函数下,被测单元之间的特征距离来寻找合适的窗函数。结果表明,不同窗函数下得到的特征距离具有不同的离散度;选择合适的窗函数,可使特征距离具有较大离散度,从而更合理地设定阈值。     

不同后处理方法对溶胶-凝胶SiO2膜层抗污染能力的影响

 以正硅酸乙酯作为前驱体,利用碱催化方式制备了SiO₂溶胶,采用提拉法在K9基片上镀制SiO₂单层薄膜,分别用热处理、紫外辐射处理、氨水加六甲基二硅胺烷气氛处理和酸碱复合膜4种后处理法对膜层进行处理,采用分光光度计、红外光谱、扫描探针显微镜、静滴接触角测量仪、椭偏仪等分析了薄膜的特性,通过真空环境加速污染实验对处理前后的膜层进行抗污染能力对比,结果表明：在碱性SiO₂膜层上加镀一层酸性SiO₂膜的复合膜层整体透过率仍保持在99%以上,疏水角达到128°,膜层真空抗污染能力大大加强。     

高功率激光装置中的气载分子污染物测量和分析

 研究了高功率激光装置光路中的分子级污染程度。采用专用空气采样动力设备及吸附管,在一定时间内对光路中的空气进行采样并作痕量分析后,得出了卤素、含硫化合物、可溶性胺类和氨、碳氢化合物 (C₆～C₁₆有机物) 4类物质在打靶前后的数密度变化。结果显示：除含硫化合物外,其余3种物质数密度超过了美国NIF标准的上限,其中氨和可溶性胺类、碳氢化合物的数密度超过较多;卤素、含硫化合物、氨和可溶性胺类的数密度在打靶后比打靶前有所降低,而碳氢化合物的数密度在打靶后比打靶前有所升高。结果表明在该装置中存在比较严重的气载分子污染物污染。分析了气载分子污染物数密度变化的原因以及可能的产生源,并对如何去除这些气载分子污染物提出了建议。