Novel reference gene, High-mobility-group protein I/Y, used in qualitative and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of transgenic rapeseed cultivars

With the development of transgenic crops, regulations to label the genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their derived products have been issued in many countries. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are thought to be reliable and useful techniques for qualitative and quantitative detection of GMOs. These methods are generally needed to amplify the transgene and compare the amplified results with that of a corresponding reference gene to get the reliable results. Specific primers were developed for the rapeseed (Brassica napus), high-mobility-group protein I/Y(HMG-I/Y) single-copy gene and PCR cycling conditions suitable for the use of this sequence as an endogenous reference gene in both qualitative and quantitative PCR assays. Both methods were assayed with 15 different rapeseed varieties, and identical amplified products were obtained with all of them. No amplification was observed when templates were the DNA samples from the other species of Brassica genus or other species, such as broccoli, stem mustard, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, sprouts, Arabidopsis thaliana, carrot, tobacco, soybean, mung bean, tomato, pepper, eggplant, plum, wheat, maize, barley, rice, lupine, and sunflower. This system was specific for rapeseed. Limits of detection and quantitation in qualitative and quantitative PCR systems were about 13 pg DNA (about 10 haploid genomes) and about 1.3 pg DNA (about 1 haploid genome), respectively. To further test the feasibility of this HMG-I/Y gene as an endogenous reference gene, samples containing transgenic rapeseed GT73 with the inserted glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) gene were quantitated. These demonstrated that the endogenous PCR detection systems were applicable to the qualitative and quantitative detection of transgenic rapeseed.     

Fluoro-substituted DPP-bisthiophene conjugated polymer with azides in the side chains as ambipolar semiconductor and photoresist

Photoresists are essential for the fabrication of flexible electronics through all-photolithographic processes. Single component semiconducting photoresist exhibits both semiconducting and photo-patterning properties, and as a result, the device fabrication process can be simplified. However, the design of semiconducting polymeric photoresist with ambipolar semiconducting property remains challenging. In this paper, we report a single component semiconducting photoresist (PFDPPF4T-N₃) by incorporating azide groups and noncovalent conformation locks into the side alkyl chains and conjugated backbones of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer, respectively. The results reveal that PFDPP4FT-N₃ exhibits ambipolar semiconducting property with hole and electron mobilities up to 1.12 and 1.17 cm² V^?1 s^?1, respectively. Moreover, field effect transistors with the individual photo-patterned thin films of PFDPPF4T-N₃ also show ambipolar semiconducting behavior with hole and electron mobilities up to 0.66 and 0.80 cm² V^?1 s^?1, respectively. These results offer a simple yet effective design strategy for high-performance single component semiconducting photoresists, which hold great potential for flexible electronics processed by all photolithography.

     

用动力学方法研究8,9-苯并-2-亚甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷的聚合反应机理

根据在自由基引发剂存在下,8,9-苯并-2-亚甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺(4,4)壬烷(Ⅰ)可能存在的竞争反应,推导了动力学方程式。用红外光谱法测定了单体的消失速率和苯酞的生成速率。实验结果与推导动力学方程式相符。进一步证明了单体(Ⅰ)的增长反应由加成聚合和开环—异构化—加成这两个反应组成。这两个反应对总速率的相对贡献与单体浓度有关。得到了共聚物的结构。     

导电复合材料葡萄糖氧化酶传感器的研究

报导了用乙基纤维素和乙炔黑获得的导电复合材料构成的葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器的制备方法.讨论了多种因素对该生物传感器响应电流的影响.测得此电极酶催化反应的活化能为40.3 kJ•mol－1. AFM实验表明，用环己烷洗去石蜡的导电复合材料 葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器具有粒状结构，这有利于酶催化反应的进行.     

钯（0）／离子交换树脂对有机锡试剂和有机卤化物偶联反应的催化性能和结构表征

制备了强碱性阴离子交换树脂（）负载钯（０）催化剂，发现它对有机锡试剂和有机卤化物的偶联反应有很高的催化活性，分离容易，可重复使用．起催化作用的是金属态把．ＸＰＳ等实验结果表明，在催化剂中钯作为桥将功能基－Ｎ（ＣＨ３）３与ＯＨ－联结起来．催化剂中的把可以看作是两配位的和配位不饱和的，经过氧化加成、金属交换、还原消除过程完成催化反应．     

时间分辨激光荧光光谱分析方法研究——Ⅰ.铽、镝配合物共存时的分辨原理实验

本文对镝存在时铽的测定,进行了时间分辨激光荧光光谱分析方法的原理性实验。选择Tb、Dy-Sal乙醇溶液体系,测量了Tb~(3+)离子浓度范围为0.01～10μg/ml。Dy~(3+)离子浓度为0.1～100μg/ml范围内的荧光寿命。并得到了此范围内配合物离子浓度与荧光强度具有线性关系的结果。     

Separation and determination of protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid in Salivia miltorrhrza by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

Capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection was applied to separate and determine protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid in Salivia miltorrhrza preparations. The electrode used was a 0.3 mm diameter carbon disk electrode fixed in a wall-jet with amperometric detection. Under the optimum conditions, the two analytes were separated completely within 8 min. Excellent linearity was obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.25-100.0 microg ml(-1) and 0.50-100.0 microg ml(-1) for protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid, respectively. The detection limits were 0.10 microg ml(-1) of protocatechuic aldehyde and 0.25 microg ml(-1) of protocatechuic acid, which were found to be lower than those of other methods that determine protocatechuic aldehyde (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) and protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydrobenzoic acid) simultaneously. The mean recoveries of protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid were 97.4% and 103.3%. This method has been successfully applied to monitor these two components in real samples such as Salivia miltorrhrza and its two traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.     

Aqueous two-phase extraction as an effective tool for isolation of geniposide from gardenia fruit

Natural products are normally obtained by organic solvent extraction and many subsequent chromatographic separations. Compounds of interest are often isolated with very low yield and limited purity. An aqueous two-phase extraction process combined with a simple ethanol treatment, for removing excess inorganic salt, has been developed for preparation of geniposide from gardenia. The system was comprised of PE62, a random copolymer composed of 20% ethylene oxide and 80% propylene oxide, KH2PO4 and ethanol. To find optimal conditions, the partition behavior of geniposide under an aqueous two-phase system was investigated. Various factors were considered, including the concentration of salt, the concentration of polymer, the sample loading, and the addition of ethanol. The experimental results demonstrated that increasing salt concentration or decreasing PE62 concentration results in enhancement of the geniposide partition in the salt-rich phase. The addition of ethanol and higher sample loading also promoted the partition efficiency of geniposide. Based on this study, an optimized system containing 5% PE62, 7.5% KH2PO4, and 10% ethanol was tested on a large-scale extraction. A 39.0-g aliquot of final product (in powder form) with 77% purity of geniposide can be effectively extracted from 500 g of gardenia fruit. This process is proved to be useful for industrial application of geniposide preparation.     

A copper- and amine-free sonogashira reaction employing aminophosphines as ligands

An efficient Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction was achieved in the absence of a copper salt or amine with an inorganic base and easily prepared, air-stable aminophosphine ligands in commonly used organic solvents; good to excellent yields were obtained. Under optimized reaction conditions, the Sonogashira coupling reaction occurred selectively when an enyne substrate was employed and no Heck reaction product was detected; acetone-masked acetylene and trimethylsilylacetylene can also be efficiently coupled, providing a method to make terminal alkynes.     

Over 18% binary organic solar cells enabled by isomerization of non-fullerene acceptors with alkylthiophene side chains

Side-chain engineering has been demonstrated as an effective method for fine-tuning the optical, electrical, and morphological properties of organic semiconductors toward efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, three isomeric non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (SMAs), named BTP-4F-T2C8, BTP-4F-T2EH and BTP-4F-T3EH, with linear and branched alkyl chains substituted on the α or β positions of thiophene as the side chains, were synthesized and systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the size and substitution position of alkyl side chains can greatly affect the electronic properties, molecular packing as well as crystallinity of the SMAs. After blending with donor polymer D18-Cl, the prominent device performance of 18.25% was achieved by the BTP-4F-T3EH-based solar cells, which is higher than those of the BTP-4F-T2EH-based (17.41%) and BTP-4F-T2C8-based (15.92%) ones. The enhanced performance of the BTP-4F-T3EH-based devices is attributed to its stronger crystallinity, higher electron mobility, suppressed biomolecular recombination, and the appropriate intermolecular interaction with the donor polymer. This work reveals that the side chain isomerization strategy can be a practical way in tuning the molecular packing and blend morphology for improving the performance of organic solar cells.