Ablation induced by single-and multiple-femtosecond laser pulses in lithium niobate

We present results on the surface-damage threshold of lithium niobate after single-and multiple-femtosecond laser pulse irradiation at the pulse duration of 80 fs, with a 800-nm wavelength, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The surface-ablation threshold was found to decrease significantly with an increase in the pulse number applied to the surface until reaching an almost constant level due to an incubation effect, which is attributed to the laser-induced defect formation. The threshold of lithium niobate under a single shot is found to be 2.82 J/cm², and the threshold fluence for an infinite number of pulses F _th(∞) converges to a common value of 0.52 ± 0.06 J/cm² for N > 80. The results have the potential for application in laser micromachining and the fabrication of related optical devices and applications in frequency conversion by a femtosecond laser in lithium niobate.     

Zn离子注入和退火对ZnO薄膜光学性能的影响

 利用溶胶凝胶方法在石英玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜，将能量56 keV、剂量1×10¹⁷ cm^-2的Zn离子注入到薄膜中。离子注入后，薄膜在500~900 ℃的氩气中退火，利用X射线衍射谱、光致发光谱和光吸收谱研究了离子注入和退火对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响。结果显示：衍射峰在约700 ℃退火后得到恢复；当退火温度小于600 ℃时，吸收边随着退火温度的提高发生蓝移，超过600 ℃时，吸收边随着退火温度的提高发生红移；近带边激子发光和深能级缺陷发光都随退火温度的提高而增强。     

共焦腔增强的空气拉曼散射

拉曼光谱是一种无损、快速的物质成分分析和检测方法.由于拉曼信号强度微弱,使得拉曼光谱的检测应用受到极大的限制.针对增强拉曼散射信号强度、提高检测灵敏度这一问题,设计了一种用于自发拉曼散射信号增强的共焦腔样品池,开展了基于该共焦腔的空气拉曼散射信号增强研究.共焦腔的腔镜反射率为92%,这一设计在保证共焦腔通带宽度与激光器线宽匹配的同时能有效地降低共振调节难度.实验中采用0°探测构型收集拉曼信号,并由成像式拉曼光谱仪获取光谱信号.实验发现,在共振状态下,共焦腔的耦合效率达到87.5%,单向激光功率实现约11倍放大;与无共振腔相比,共焦腔对拉曼信号实现17倍放大,信噪比提高2倍.此外,空气中CO_2的3σ检测限达到200 ppm量级.结果表明,该系统对自发拉曼散射信号增强效果显著,并且有较高的检测灵敏度.     

基于窄带隙聚合物的高性能可见-近红外光伏探测器

聚合物光伏探测器是一种极具应用前景的新型光电探测器件.研究了基于窄带隙聚合物的高性能可见-近红外光伏探测器,结果表明,所制备的光伏探测器在可见至近红外光谱范围内具有宽的光谱响应(380—960 nm)、出色的响应度(840 nm时达到380 mA/W)和归一化探测度;同时,器件在暗态反偏条件下的能级示意图揭示了器件内平均电场较低是较厚光敏层器件具有低噪声电流的主要原因.电容-电压与时间周期性响应曲线研究表明聚合物光伏探测器具有快速的响应能力和良好的周期重复性.     

Effect of pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile on electrochemical performance of Si/graphite composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

The silicon/graphite (Si/G) composite was prepared using pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as carbon precursor, which is a nitrogen-doped carbon that provides efficient pathway for electron transfer. The combination of flake graphite and pyrolytic carbon layer accommodates the large volume expansion of Si during discharge-charge process. The Si/G composite was synthesized via cost-effective liquid solidification followed by carbonization process. The effect of PAN content on electrochemical performance of composites was investigated. The composite containing 40 wt% PAN exhibits a relatively better rate capability and cycle performance than others. It exhibits initial reversible specific capacity of 793.6 mAh g^?1 at a current density of 100 mA g^?1. High capacity of 661 mAh g^?1 can be reached after 50 cycles at current density of 500 mA g^?1.     

基于内核构建的Cu-Au-Pd团簇稳定结构优化

具有特殊催化、磁性和化学活性的三元合金团簇已成为基础科学研究的热点问题.确定其稳定结构是研究团簇性质的重要前提.针对大尺寸Cu-Au-Pd团簇结构优化,提出了内核构建的方法改进了自适应免疫优化算法的效率(称为AIOA-IC算法).采用基于紧束缚势二阶矩近似的多体Gupta势函数来描述三元合金团簇原子间相互作用.为测试算法效率优化了原子数为60的Ag-Pd-Pt团簇稳定结构.结果显示新得到的结构比文献报道的团簇结构势能量值更低,由此可知AIOA-IC算法具有更强的势能面搜索能力.运用该算法研究了38及55原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇的稳定结构.所研究的38原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇包含了五折叠、六折叠和截角八面体结构,并且原子成分比例影响了团簇的结构类型.而55原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇均为完整二十面体结构,序列参数显示Cu,Au和Pd原子分层现象明显.对于147原子Cu_(12)Au_(93)Pd_(42)团簇完整二十面体结构,中心原子为Au,内层和次外层分别被12个Cu原子和42个Pd原子占据,最外层则被92个Au原子占满.通过原子半径及表面能分析了Cu,Pd和Au原子分别倾向于分布在内层、次外层和最外层的规律.     

合金元素对钢中NbC异质形核影响的第一性原理研究

为了探索不同合金元素对Nb C异质形核的影响,本文利用第一性原理研究了合金元素X(X=Cr,Mn,Mo,W,Zr,V,Ti,Cu和Ni)对ferrite(100)/Nb C(100)界面性质的影响,并且分析了上述合金元素掺杂前后界面的黏附功、界面能和电子结构.研究结果表明,Cr,V和Ti掺杂的界面具有负的偏聚能,说明它们容易偏聚到ferrite/Nb C界面,但Mn,W,Mo,Zr,Cu和Ni却难以偏聚到此界面.当Mn,Zr,Cu和Ni取代界面处的Fe原子后,界面的黏附强度降低,即这些合金减弱铁素体在Nb C上的形核能力.然而Cr,W,Mo,V和Ti引入界面后,其黏附功比掺杂前的界面要大,且界面能均降低,即提高了界面的稳定性.因此,W,Mo,V和Ti,尤其是Cr,能够有效地促进铁素体形核和细化晶粒.电子结构分析表明,Zr和Cu引入界面后,界面处的Zr,Cu原子和C原子的相互作用变弱;然而Cr和W引入界面后,Cr,W和C原子之间形成了很强的非极性共价键,提高了ferrite/Nb C界面的结合强度.     

Optimal control problem of the uncertain second‐order circuit based on first hitting criteria

First hitting criteria of a system are to initially achieve some performance indeces of the target state set. This paper primarily investigates the optimal control problem of the uncertain second‐order circuit based on first hitting criteria. First, considering time efficiency and different from the ordinary expected utility criterion over an infinite time horizon, two first hitting criteria which are reliability index and reliable time criteria are innovatively proposed. Second, assuming the circuit output voltage as an uncertain variable when the historical data is lacking, we better model the real circuit system with the uncertain second‐order differential equation which is essentially the uncertain fractional‐order differential equation. Then, based on the first hitting time theorem of the uncertain fractional‐order differential equation, the distribution function of the first hitting time under the second‐order circuit system is proposed and the uncertain second‐order circuit optimal control model (reliability index and reliable time‐based model) is transformed into corresponding crisp optimal problem. Lastly, analytic expressions of the optimal control for the reliability index model are obtained. Meanwhile, sufficient condition and guidance for parameters for the optimal solution of the reliable time‐based model are derived, and corresponding numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the fluctuation of our optimal solution for different parameters.     

磁旋光反射腔交流调制输出倍频信号特性分析

根据法拉第效应的非互易性原理,分析了磁旋光反射腔交流调制输出倍频信号相关的特性;具体研究了倍频信号幅度及角度检测灵敏度与调制角幅度θ0和反射腔反射率R的关系.研究结果表明:当调制角幅度较小时,输出倍频信号幅度随反射率R的增加而增加,最大值是正交调制法的18倍左右;利用倍频信号检测角度的灵敏度与正交法相比也得到多倍提高,...     

A phenomenology analysis of the tachyon warm inflation in loop quantum cosmology

We investigate the warm inflation condition in loop quantum cosmology. In our consideration, the system is described by a tachyon field interacted with radiation. The exponential potential function, V(?)=V₀e−α?$V(?)=V_0{e}^{-\alpha ?}$, with the same order parameters V₀$V_0$ and α, is taken as an example of this tachyon warm inflation model. We find that, for the strong dissipative regime, the total number of e-folds is less than the one in the classical scenario, and for the weak dissipative regime, the beginning time of the warm inflation will be later than the tachyon (cool) inflation.