Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis investigation of the thermal properties and degradation of some radiation‐grafted films and membranes

The influence of irradiation and grafting on the crystallinity of three base polymers has been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. Grafting has the largest effect on the base polymer crystallinity and results in a reduction of the crystallinity. The thermal degradation of the base polymers and grafted films has been investigated with thermogravimetric analysis. The extent of the fluorination of the base polymer, the irradiation method, and the graft level all influence the thermal degradation and its activation energy. It is proposed that the variation of the chain lengths of the grafted polystyrene chains is actually a primary underlying factor responsible for the influence of these various parameters on the degradation process. The first results of a comparative thermal analysis of some fuel‐cell membranes are also presented, and the promise and shortcomings of this method are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2612–2624, 2004     

Concentrations of hazardous heavy metals in environmental samples collected in Xiamen, China, as determined by vapor generation non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

Non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry (NDAFS) coupled with vapor generation (VG) sample introduction was applied to the determination of the concentrations of hazardous heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury, in seawater, soils and total airborne particulate matter (PM) collected around the Xiamen area in China. Almost 100% sample introduction efficiency was achieved by using thiourea and ascorbic acid for the pre-reduction of As(V) to As(III), K3Fe(CN)6 and tartaric acid for pre-oxidation of Pb(II) to Pb(IV), and masking the interferences arising from the co-existing transition metals to As, Cd, Hg and Pb during their vapor generation process. Moreover, a novel sample pretreatment device was developed to avoid the loss of mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic during sample pretreatment. With such methods, the detection limit (DL) of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury was down to 0.08, 0.03, 0.05, 0.01 ng mL(-1) (3sigma), respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 11) for arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury at 10 ng mL(-1) were 0.9%, 1.6%, 1.3% and 2.0%, respectively. The concentrations of hazardous heavy metals in the environmental samples collected in Xiamen, China are in the range from 0.02 +/- 0.001 ng mL(-1) in seawater to 15.3 +/- 0.2 microg g(-1) in soils. Besides flame/GF-AAS and ICP-AES/MS, VG-NDAFS should be another choice for the determination of hazardous heavy metals in environmental samples.     

光纤光栅选频掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器

利用相位掩模法 ,在D形内包层掺Yb3 双包层光纤一端直接写制出Bragg光栅 ,用作双包层光纤激光器的输出腔镜 .试验得到了线宽为 0 196nm ,波长为 10 5 8 2nm ,最高输出功率为 5 70mW的稳定激光输出 ,解决了激光器中模式竞争造成的输出不稳定现象 .从速率方程出发 ,对激光器的输出功率与抽运功率、光栅反射率的关系以及最佳光纤长度进行了理论分析 ,结果与实验符合很好     

Metabolites of A Novel Antibiotic Bitespiramycin in Rat Urine and Bile

A sensitive analytical method to identify active metabolites of bitespiramycin in rat urine and bile was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC/ESI-MS^n).Bitespiramycin and its major active metabolites in rat urine and bile were isolated and identified as M1 serial(spiramycin Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ),M2 serial(platenomycin A1,josamycin and leucomycin A1) and M3 serial(deisovalerylplatenomycin A1,deisovaleryljosamycin,deisovalerylleucomycin A1).     

Baker＇s Yeast Mediated Reduction of Optically Active Diketone

Baker‘s yeast mediated reduction of optically active diketone is described. The two keto groups are efficiently differentiated and the ee value of the recovered material is considerably raised. It affords highly optically active key intermediates efficiently for the synthesis of natural polyhydroxylated agarofuran products.     

Optimality Conditions and Geometric Properties of a Linear Multilevel Programming Problem with Dominated Objective Functions

In this paper, a model of a linear multilevel programming problem with dominated objective functions (LMPPD(l)) is proposed, where multiple reactions of the lower levels do not lead to any uncertainty in the upper-level decision making. Under the assumption that the constrained set is nonempty and bounded, a necessary optimality condition is obtained. Two types of geometric properties of the solution sets are studied. It is demonstrated that the feasible set of LMPPD(l) is neither necessarily composed of faces of the constrained set nor necessarily connected. These properties are different from the existing theoretical results for linear multilevel programming problems.     

Dynamic boundary stabilization of a Reissner–Mindlin plate with Timoshenko beam

This paper is concerned with well‐posedness results for a mathematical model for the transversal vibrations of a two‐dimensional hybrid elastic structure consisting of a rectangular Reissner–Mindlin plate with a Timoshenko beam attached to its free edge. The model incorporates linear dynamic feedback controls along the interface between the plate and the beam. Classical semigroup methods are employed to show the unique solvability of the coupled initial‐boundary‐value problem. We also show that the energy associated with the system exhibits the property of strong stability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectra Analysis of a Novel Ti-Doped LiAlO2 Single Crystal

LiAlO2 single crvstals doped with Ti at concentration 0.2at.% are grown by the Czochralskl technique with dimensions φ42×55mm. Ti ions in the crystal are quadrivalence proven by comparing the absorption and fluorescence spectra of pure LiAlO2 and Ti： LiAlO2. After air and Li-rich atmosphere annealing, the absorption peaks in the range of 600-800nm disappear. We conclude that 682 and 756nm absorption peaks are attributed to the VLi and Vo absorptions, respectively： The peaks at 716nm and 798nm may stem from the VLi^＋ and absorptions. The colour-centre model can be applied to explain the experimental phenomena. Ti^4＋-doping produces more lithium vacancies in the LiAlO2 crystal. The intensities of [LiO4] and the associated bonds remain unchanged, which improves the anti-hydrolyzation and thermal stability of LiAlO2 crystals.     

Mean curvature flows and isotopy of maps between spheres

Let f be a smooth map between unit spheres of possibly different dimensions. We prove the global existence and convergence of the mean curvature flow of the graph of f under various conditions. A corollary is that any area‐decreasing map between unit spheres (of possibly different dimensions) is isotopic to a constant map. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.