MNI—1U中性注入器高压长脉冲稳定电源研制

本文介绍一种为MNI-1U中性注入器研制的大功率长脉冲高压稳定电源。电路的技术指标为:输出脉冲电压50kV,脉冲电流30A,脉冲宽度50ms,上升下降时间小于25μs,平顶稳定度优于0.5％,调整响应时间30μs。当作直流高压稳压和稳流电源使用时,输出电压1-80kV,电流0.5—5A,电压或电流的稳定度可优于0.1％     

Regularity and long time behavior of the Boltzmann equation for granular gases

This paper investigates regularity of solutions of the Boltzmann equation with dissipative collisions in a thermal bath. In the case of pseudo-Maxwellian approximation, we prove that for any initial datum f₀(ξ) in the set of probability density with zero bulk velocity and finite temperature, the unique solution of the equation satisfies f(ξ,t)∈H^∞(R³) for all t>0. Furthermore, for any t₀>0 and s?0 the Hs norm of f(ξ,t) is bounded for t?t₀. As a consequence, the exponential convergence to the unique steady state is also established under the same initial condition.     

Integrated Tandem Electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical Coupling of Biomass and Nitrate to Sustainable Alanine

Alanine is widely employed for synthesizing polymers, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Electrocatalytic coupling of biomass molecules and waste nitrate is attractive for the nitrate removal and alanine production under ambient conditions. However, the reaction efficiency is relatively low due to the activation of the stable substrates, and the coupling of two reactive intermediates remains challenging. Herein, we realize the integrated tandem electrochemical-chemical-electochemical synthesis of alanine from the biomass-derived pyruvic acid (PA) and waste nitrate (NO₃⁻) catalyzed by PdCu nano-bead-wires (PdCu NBWs). The overall reaction pathway is demonstrated as a multiple-step catalytic cascade process via coupling the reactive intermediates NH₂OH and PA on the catalyst surface. Interestingly, in this integrated tandem electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical catalytic cascade process, Cu facilitates the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to NH₂OH intermediates, which chemically couple with PA to form the pyruvic oxime, and Pd promotes the electrochemical reduction of pyruvic oxime to the desirable alanine. This work provides a green strategy to convert waste NO₃⁻ to wealth and enriches the substrate scope of renewable biomass feedstocks to produce high-value amino acids.     

三维大孔TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

 以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球为模板,以钛酸正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有三维结构的大孔TiO2. 采用差示扫描量热、热重-微分热重、X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和氮气吸附等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明,高温热处理后得到的三维大孔TiO2光催化剂的孔径为200 nm左右,孔径分布均匀, TiO2纳米晶粒中锐钛矿相和金红石相的含量分别为82%和18%. 光催化氧化实验表明,此种三维结构的TiO2对甲基橙溶液具有较好的光催化氧化性能.     

抗坏血酸在β-环糊精/二茂铁甲酸修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

利用主客体化学反应将二茂铁甲酸包络在β-环糊精聚合物的空穴中,用新鲜蛋清作交联剂制成β-环糊精聚合物/二茂铁甲酸化学修饰玻碳电极,用电化学阻抗法和循环伏安法研究了修饰电极的电化学性能。在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化有很好的催化活性,氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.2×10-6~5.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip=0.4375+0.0301C(ip:μA,C:μmol/L),相关系数r=0.9982,检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L。抗坏血酸和多巴胺在修饰电极上于不同的电位(ΔE=490 mV)被氧化,可用于多巴胺存在下选择性测定抗坏血酸。     

新型含紫罗兰酮基查尔酮的合成与表征

在碳酸钠和氢氧化钠催化下,β-紫罗兰酮和5,6-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮与芳香醛于室温下研磨1～15 min,制备了8种新型含紫罗兰酮基查尔酮,其结构经1H NMR、MS、IR和元素分析表征。 结果表明,β-紫罗兰酮、苯甲醛、Na2CO3与NaOH的物质的量比为20∶20∶5∶15时,收率可达87.1%～94.8%,苯甲醛环上吸电子基团可促进反应进行。     

Fabrication of urchin-like NiCo<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> microspheres assembled by using SDS as soft template for anode materials of Lithium-ion batteries

In this paper, the urchin-like NiCo₂O₄ microspheres assembled by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as soft template are successfully fabricated by a facile procedure including microemulsion-solvothermal reaction and subsequent calcination at 400 °C for 4 h. The structure and morphology of synthesized NiCo₂O₄ particles are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been clearly revealed that the prepared three-dimensional urchin-like NiCo₂O₄ microspheres are constituted by one-dimension nanowires. As it is applied to anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the initial coulombic efficiency is up to 75.7%, and the specific reversible capacity retains up to 1034.2 mAh/g even after 40 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. Furthermore, as the current density gradually increases to 800 mA/g, it still delivers the reversible capacity of 895.4 mAh/g. The high reversible specific capacity, perfect cyclability, and rate performance are attributed to the unique urchin-like NiCo₂O₄ microspheres, which can alleviate the volume expansion and shorten the diffusion path of ions and electrons during lithiation/delithiation process. The self-standing urchin-like NiCo₂O₄ microspheres may be a very promising candidate in place of the commercial graphite-based anode materials for high-performance LIBs.     

Hydrothermal growth of NiSe2 tubular microcrystals assisted by PVA

NiSe₂ tubular microcrystals assembled of nanoparticles have been prepared via a hydrothermal method in an ethanolamine and water mixed solution assisted by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The prepared tubular crystals with hexagonal structure are composed of nanoparticles with average diameter of 30 nm. It was found that the phase of the products could be adjusted by the molar ratio of the reactants (Ni/Se), and the morphology of the products could be greatly influenced by the quantity of surfactant PVA. Based on the experimental results, the possible formation mechanism of NiSe₂ tubular microcrystals is also discussed.     

Influence of the Solvent and the Enantiomeric Purity on the Transition between Different Supramolecular Polymers

The self‐assembly of two enantiomerically pure hexa(oligo (p‐phenylene vinylene))‐substituted benzenes having 24 stereocenters was studied in pure methylcyclohexane (MCH) and in a mixture of MCH/toluene (4:1). Irrespective of the solvent a cooperative supramolecular polymerization mechanism was determined for these star‐shaped molecules by using temperature‐dependent CD and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Quite remarkably, a transition from one helical supramolecular state (A) to a second more thermodynamically stable supramolecular helical assembly (B) was observed. The rate of the A→B transition was strongly dependent on the nature of the solvent; being faster in the solvent mixture than in pure MCH. By using size exclusion chromatography we could relate the increased rate to a decreased stability of the supramolecular A state in the solvent mixture. Next, we mixed the two enantiomerically pure hexa‐substituted benzene derivatives in a so‐called majority‐rules experiment, which lead to the anitcipated chiral amplification in the A state. More importantly it appeared that the A→B transition was significantly hampered in these mixed systems. Furthermore, the absence of chiral amplification in the B state revealed the formation of separated enantiomerically pure assemblies. Therefore, by using a wide variety of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques we determined the influence of solvent and enantiomeric purity on the transition between different supramolecular states.     

基于实时内核的双起升双吊具桥吊实时仿真平台

双起升双吊具桥吊是一种复杂的多电机传动机械,其多电机协调控制需要实现桥吊操作的准确性、安全性和快速性;文中针对一种双起升双吊具桥吊实验装置的多电机协调控制的需要,构建了一个桥吊多电机实时仿真控制平台,提出了一种基于Real-TimeWorkshop(RTW)的实时内核的混合仿真实验构架,采用了S函数设计开发运动控制器驱动模块,并通过调用设备驱动函数操作运动控制器,最终实现桥吊多电机协调控制的方法;该方案具有技术先进、结构简单、使用灵活、成本低廉的特点,能够方便地实现针对双起升双吊具桥吊控制方法的数字仿真和半实物仿真。