从新课程理念看"物质用途"的教学

反思元素及其化合物知识特别是物质用途教学的现状,用新课程理念审视物质用途的教学价值,尝试从物质用途的角度探讨元素及其化合物知识教学的几种策略。     

模拟X射线热-力学效应电子束能谱的优化研究

实验室中主要采用电子束辐照来研究材料的热-力学响应规律,并以此为依据对材料抗核爆X射线的能力进行评估,此种评估方式忽略了电子束与X射线与物质相互作用中的差异,必然造成评估偏差。利用MCNP软件和约束最小二乘法,以1 keV和3 keV黑体X射线为优化对象,以电子束在介质中产生与X射线相同的能量沉积剖面为优化目的,对用于辐照铝、铜和钽三种材料的电子束能谱进行了优化计算,分别得到了它们的等效电子能谱。结果表明:等效电子能谱能够获得与相应的X射线一样的能量沉积剖面,可用作评估材料抗核爆X射线能力的依据;但等效电子谱与X射线和辐照材料均相关,应用中需依据辐照材料做出相应调整。     

Total Synthesis of (−)‐Perezoperezone through an Intermolecular [5+2] Homodimerization of Hydroxy p‐Quinone

The first copper‐catalyzed intermolecular [5+2] homodimerization of hydroxy p‐quinone is presented, furnishing bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienone core structures in typically good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. Applying this synthetic approach enables a concise nine‐step total synthesis of (?)‐perezoperezone from commercially available 3,5‐dimethoxytoluene.     

流动注射－化学发光分析测定矿石中痕量铌

利用铌对鲁米诺－Ｈ_２Ｏ_２－Ｋ_３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６化学发光体系的抑制作用，建立了痕量Ｎｂ（Ｖ）的流动注射－化学发光测定法。方法的检出限是２．３ｎｇ／ｍＬＮｂ（Ｖ）。线性范围为０．０１～１μｇ／ｍＬＮｂ（Ｖ），测定的相对标准偏差为３．０％（０．０１μｇ／ｍＬＮｂ（Ｖ）（ｎ＝１１），方法已应用于矿石中Ｎｂ的测定。     

EXISTENCE OF INFINITE ENERGY SOLUTION TO THE INELASTIC BOLTZMANN EQUATION WITH EXTERNAL FORCE

In this paper,the Cauchy problem for the inelastic Boltzmann equation with external force is considered in the case of initial data with infinite energy.More precisely,under the assumptions on the bicharacteristic generated by external force,we prove the global existence of solution for small initial data compared to the local Maxwellian exp{ p|x v|2},which has infinite mass and energy.     

Trends for nanotechnology development in China, Russia, and India

China, Russia, and India are playing an increasingly important role in global nanotechnology research and development (R&D). This paper comparatively inspects the paper and patent publications by these three countries in the Thomson Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI) database and United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database (1976–2007). Bibliographic, content map, and citation network analyses are used to evaluate country productivity, dominant research topics, and knowledge diffusion patterns. Significant and consistent growth in nanotechnology papers are noted in the three countries. Between 2000 and 2007, the average annual growth rate was 31.43% in China, 11.88% in Russia, and 33.51% in India. During the same time, the growth patterns were less consistent in patent publications: the corresponding average rates are 31.13, 10.41, and 5.96%. The three countries’ paper impact measured by the average number of citations has been lower than the world average. However, from 2000 to 2007, it experienced rapid increases of about 12.8 times in China, 8 times in India, and 1.6 times in Russia. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) were the most productive institutions in paper publication, with 12,334, 6,773, and 1,831 papers, respectively. The three countries emphasized some common research topics such as “Quantum dots,” “Carbon nanotubes,” “Atomic force microscopy,” and “Scanning electron microscopy,” while Russia and India reported more research on nano-devices as compared with China. CAS, RAS, and IIT played key roles in the respective domestic knowledge diffusion.     

激光辐照柱体铝靶的三维光滑粒子流体动力学仿真

在现有光滑粒子流体动力学方法基础上,提出了结合差分方法处理激光辐照边界条件的方法,并利用此方法自编程序模拟计算了功率密度为5.0109 W/cm2的强连续激光辐照铝靶时的热-力学效应,准确给出了与激光作用的边界粒子的分布和飞散情况,同时给出了不同时刻靶体的温度场,得到了温度分布规律,并对结果进行了分析。     

闪光机照射量及其角分布的参量依赖关系

 系统研究了电子束能量、发射度、击靶半径和电子束横向分布对闪光机靶前1m处X-射线的照射量及其角分布的影响。研究结果表明, 电子束能量、发射度、击靶半径的影响很大, 在闪光机的总体设计中必须加以认真考虑。     

Alkali-metal(Li,Na, and K)-adsorbed MoSi2N4 monolayer: an investigation of its outstanding electronic,optical, and photocatalytic properties

Single-layer MoSi₂N₄,a high-quality two-dimensional material,has recently been fabricated by chemical vapor deposition.Motivated by this latest experimental work,herein,we apply first principles calculations to investigate the electronic,optical,and photocatalytic properties of alkali-metal(Li,Na,and K)-adsorbed MoSi₂N₄ monolayer.The electronic structure analysis shows that pristine MoSi₂N₄ monolayer exhibits an indirect bandgap(E_g=1.89 eV).By contrast,the bandgaps of one Li-,Na-,and K-adsorbed MoSi₂N₄ monolayer are 1.73 eV,1.61 eV,and 1.75 eV,respectively.Moreover,the work function of MoSi₂N₄ monolayer(4.80 eV)is significantly reduced after the adsorption of alkali metal atoms.The work functions of one Li-,Na-,and K-adsorbed MoSi₂N₄ monolayer are 1.50 eV,1.43 eV,and 2.03 eV,respectively.Then,optical investigations indicate that alkali metal adsorption processes substantially increase the visible light absorption range and coefficient of MoSi₂N₄ monolayer.Furthermore,based on redox potential variations after alkali metals are adsorbed,Li-and Na-adsorbed MoSi₂N₄ monolayers are more suitable for the water splitting photocatalytic process,and the Li-adsorbed case shows the highest potential application for CO₂ reduction.In conclusion,alkali-metal-adsorbed MoSi₂N₄ monolayer exhibits promising applications as novel optoelectronic devices and photocatalytic materials due to its unique physical and chemical properties.