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861.
862.
Lijun Duan Sunny N. Wallace Abigail Engelberth Justin K. Lovelady Edgar C. Clausen Jerry W. King Danielle Julie Carrier 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2009,158(2):362-373
In an effort to increase revenues from a given feedstock, valuable co-products could be extracted prior to biochemical or
thermochemical conversion with subcritical water. Although subcritical water shows significant promise in replacing organic
solvents as an extraction solvent, compound degradation has been observed at elevated extraction temperatures. First order
thermal degradation kinetics from a model system, silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum, in water at pH 5.1 and 100, 120, 140, and 160 °C were investigated. Water pressure was maintained slightly above its vapor
pressure. Silymarin is a mixture of taxifolin, silichristin, silidianin, silibinin, and isosilibinin. The degradation rate
constants ranged from 0.0104 min−1 at 100 °C for silichristin to a maximum of 0.0840 min−1 at 160 °C for silybin B. Half-lives, calculated from the rate constants, ranged from a low of 6.2 min at 160 °C to a high
of 58.3 min at 100 °C, both for silichristin. The respective activation energies for the compounds ranged from 37.2 kJ/gmole
for silidianin to 45.2 kJ/gmole for silichristin. In extracting the silymarin with pure ethanol at 140 °C, no degradation
was observed. However, when extracting with ethanol/water mixtures at and 140 °C, degradation increased exponentially as the
concentration of water increased.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
863.
The properties of groups on TiO2 surface were evaluated by infrared (IR) spectra and thermal analysis. It could be found that water and ethanol are removed mainly between 343 and 363 K and the process is accompanied by an endothermic change. The results also show that ethanol could be removed completely below 673 K and the physically bonded or hydrogen‐bonded water could be removed almost completely above 873 K. The exothermic peaks ranging from 573 to 773 K are caused by the changes that chemisorbed water (Ti‐O‐H) on the surface condenses and evolves into water. There appears broad and unstable endothermic process in all temperature ranges due to the adhesions or transformations among the crystal particles. Thermogravimetry (TG) results show that with heat treatment at increasing temperatures, the groups on TiO2 surface decreases gradually. The half peak breadth of X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) results suggest that TiO2 crystallize better with higher temperature calcination. The photo‐catalytic efficiency was evaluated by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. TiO2 with heat treatment at higher temperature shows more effective photo‐catalytic property. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
864.
In this Letter, a pair of novel naphthalimide derivatives with long-wavelength emission (>600 nm) and larger Stokes shift (>140 nm) have been developed through the photochemical cycloaromatization, in which intramolecular radical-induced 1,3-aromatic hydrogen transfer might be occurred. Cell uptake experiments showed that dye 2 could be used as a potential NIR fluorescence imaging agent. 相似文献
865.
Two new triterpenes,2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-18,19-epoxy-28-oic acid(1)and 18,19-seco,2α,3α-dihydroxyl-19-oxo-urs-11, 13(18)-dien-28-oic acid(2)were isolated from the herbaceous part of Duchesnea indica.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis,including 2D NMR technique.The isolated compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HeLa and L929 cell lines. 相似文献
866.
Li J Li WZ Huang W Cheung AW Bi CW Duan R Guo AJ Dong TT Tsim KW 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(11):2071-2078
A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) method was developed to evaluate the quality of Rhizoma Belamcandae (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) through establishing chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of seven phenolic compounds. The analysis was achieved on an Alltima C(18) analytical column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. 5 microm) using linear gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The correlation coefficients of similarity were determined from the HPLC fingerprints, and they shared a close similarity. By using an online APCI-MS/MS, twenty phenols were identified. In addition, seven of these phenols including mangiferin, 7-O-methylmangiferin, tectoridin, resveratrol, tectorigenin, irigenin and irisflorentin were quantified by the validated HPLC-DAD method. These phenols are considered to be major constituents in Rhizoma Belamcandae, and are generally regarded as the index for quality assessment of this herb. This developed method by having a combination of chromatographic fingerprint and quantification analysis could be applied to the quality control of Rhizoma Belamcandae. 相似文献
867.
Jiankun Duan 《Talanta》2009,79(3):734-738
A flow injection online speciation procedure by using micro-column packed with Cu(II) loaded nanometer-sized Al2O3 coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the separation and determination of selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocystine (SeCys2) has been developed. The main factors affecting the separation and preconcentration of SeMet and SeCys2 including pH value, sample flow rate, eluent concentration, eluent volume and flow rate, and interfering ions have been investigated. It was found that SeCys2 could be selectively retained by micro-column packed with Cu(II) loaded nanometer-sized Al2O3 at pH 4.0, and the retained SeCys2 could be eluted by 1.0 mol L−1 HNO3, while SeMet was not retained and passed through the micro-column directly at this pH. Both SeMet and SeCys2 could be quantitatively adsorbed by the micro-column at pH 9.0, and the retained SeMet and SeCys2 could be easily eluted with 1.0 mol L−1 HNO3. The content of SeMet was obtained by subtracting the SeCys2 from the total content of seleno amino acids. With the enrichment factor of 7.8 and 7.7, the limits of detection (LODs) for SeMet and SeCys2 were found to be 24 pg Se mL−1 and 21 pg Se mL−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for SeCys2 and SeMet with seven replicate determinations of 1.0 ng mL−1 SeMet and SeCys2, were 2.1% and 1.6%, respectively, the sampling frequency of 8 h−1 was obtained. The proposed method was applied to the speciation of SeMet and SeCys2 in selenized yeast, human urine and serum with satisfactory results. 相似文献
868.
An ionic liquid N‐hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (HPPF6) modified carbon paste electrode was fabricated for the sensitive voltammetric determination of adenosine in this paper. Carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was prepared by mixing graphite powder and HPPF6 together and the CILE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical behaviors of adenosine on the CILE were studied carefully. Compared with the traditional carbon paste electrode (CPE), a small negative shift of the oxidation peak potential appeared with greatly increase of the oxidation peak current, which indicated the presence of ionic liquid in the carbon paste not only as the binder but also as the modifier and promoter. Under the optimal conditions the oxidation peak current increased with the adenosine concentration in the range from 1.0×10?6 mol/L to 1.4×10?4 mol/L with the detection limit of 9.1×10?7 mol/L (S/N=3) by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method was applied to the human urine samples detection with satisfactory results. 相似文献
869.
Hao Wang Robert M. Straubinger John M. Aletta Jin Cao Xiaotao Duan Haoying Yu Jun Qu 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2009,20(3):507-519
Protein arginine (Arg) methylation serves an important functional role in eucaryotic cells, and typically occurs in domains
consisting of multiple Arg in close proximity. Localization of methylarginine (MA) within Arg-rich domains poses a challenge
for mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods; the peptides are highly charged under electrospray ionization (ESI), which limits
the number of sequence-informative products produced by collision induced dissociation (CID), and loss of the labile methylation
moieties during CID precludes effective fragmentation of the peptide backbone. Here the fragmentation behavior of Arg-rich
peptides was investigated comprehensively using electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) and CID for both methylated and unmodified
glycine-/Arg-rich peptides (GAR), derived from residues 679–695 of human nucleolin, which contains methylation motifs that
are widely-represented in biological systems. ETD produced abundant information for sequencing and MA localization, whereas
CID failed to provide credible identification for any available charge state (z=2–4). Nevertheless, CID produced characteristic
neutral losses that can be employed to distinguish among different types of MA, as suggested by previous works and confirmed
here with product ion scans of high accuracy/resolution by an LTQ/Orbitrap. To analyze MA-peptides in relatively complex mixtures,
a method was developed that employs nano-LC coupled to alternating CID/ETD for peptide sequencing and MA localization/characterization,
and an Orbitrap for accurate precursor measurement and relative quantification of MA-peptide stoichiometries. As proof of
concept, GAR-peptides methylated in vitro by protein arginine N-methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT7 were analyzed. It was observed that PRMT1 generated a number of monomethylated (MMA) and
asymmetric-dimethylated peptides, while PRMT7 produced predominantly MMA peptides and some symmetric-dimethylated peptides.
This approach and the results may advance understanding of the actions of PRMTs and the functional significance of Arg methylation
patterns. 相似文献
870.
L. Z. Pei Y. Yang Y. Q. Pei C. Z. Yuan T. K. Duan Q.‐F. Zhang 《Crystal Research and Technology》2011,46(5):480-484
Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route in the absence of any surfactants. The diameter and length of the Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires with flat tips are 30‐300 nm and several dozens of micrometers, respectivley. X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy results show that the nanowires are composed of monoclinic Cd2Ge2O6 phase. The growth condition dependence results show that the formation of the Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires undergoes three morphological changes from spherical particles to nanorods, and finally to nanowires. The photoluminescence spectrum of the Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires exhibits three fluorescence emission peaks centered at 422 nm, 490 nm and 528 nm showing the potential application for optical devices. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献