高分子多孔微球产品的制备及其在类病毒颗粒分离纯化中的应用

高分子多孔微球在医药领域的分离纯化中应用广泛,是重要的化工产品。高分子多孔微球的形成是一个复杂的过程,利用聚合物与有机溶剂致孔剂的相分离,可得到小于100 nm孔径的多孔微球;而水和疏水性聚合物之间相分离程度远大于有机溶剂与聚合物间的相分离程度,因此可获得大于100 nm孔径的多孔微球。针对不同应用领域选择不同的方法,设计并制备出合理的微球结构,对多孔微球的实际应用十分关键。本综述介绍了纳孔、介孔、大孔微球产品的制备方法悬浮聚合和种子聚合法,重点介绍本课题组制备超大孔微球的方法--反胶团溶胀法和W/O/W复乳法,上述两种方法解决了常规方法难以制备大孔径微球产品的问题,拓展了多孔微球在类病毒颗粒等大尺寸蛋白分离纯化领域的应用。在此基础上,以HB-VLPs为模型对比了不同孔径微球对类病毒颗粒吸附量、回收率、结构、以及纯化效果的差异,揭示超大孔微球产品在类病毒颗粒分离纯化中的优势。     

自组装多级结构在锂离子电池中的应用

锂离子电池作为比能量最高的二次电池,在可持续能源领域扮演越来越重要的角色。为寻求下一代更高性能的锂离子电池,人们在探索许多高比容量电极材料。然而,这些材料通常具有锂化前后体积变化大、电极阻抗大等缺点,需要制备成纳米结构才能够获得较好的电化学储锂性能。而纳米结构具有比表面积高、振实密度低等缺点,导致电池的首次库仑效率低、循环寿命短和比能量低。将纳米材料组装成多级结构能够有效地降低整体的比表面积、从而限制固体界面膜形成对锂的消耗量,提高首次库仑效率;与纳米颗粒的无序堆积相比,多级结构材料往往具有较高的堆积密度和接触面积,进而提高电池的能量密度。本文主要介绍锂离子电池中多级结构的制备及其在锂离子电池中的应用：制备方面主要介绍了溶剂热法、乳液法、喷雾干燥法和模板法,以及相关参数对最终多级结构的影响;在应用方面,主要针对不同多级结构材料以提高锂离子电池性能为主线进行综述。     

Interfacial Activity of Amine‐Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): A Simple Strategy To Structure Liquids

Amine‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), the smallest, monodisperse cage‐shaped silica cubic nanoparticle, is exceptionally interfacially active and can form assemblies that jam the toluene/water interface, locking in non‐equilibrium shapes of one liquid phase in another. The packing density of the amine‐functionalized POSS assembly at the water/toluene interface can be tuned by varying the concentration, the pH value, and the degree of POSS functionalization. Functionalized POSS gives a higher interface coverage, and hence a lower interfacial tension, than nanoparticle surfactants formed by interactions between functionalized nanoparticles and polymeric ligands. Hydrogen‐bonded POSS surfactants are more stable at the interface, offering some unique advantages for generating Pickering emulsions over typical micron‐sized colloidal particles and ligand‐stabilized nanoparticle surfactants.     

陈氏示性式的积分公式

陈国才去年在[1]中给出陈氏示性式的一个积分公式,他所用的方法与吴光磊[2]中的方法类似,都是把问题转化到复Grassmann流行中去解决。本文中将给出一种在流形上直接进行计算的方法,不必通过Grassmann流形,从而简化了陈国才的证明。最后我们将给出吴光磊的积分公式的一个简单的证明。     

Sulfur composite cathode materials: comparative characterization of polyacrylonitrile precursor

The electrochemical behavior of the sulfur composite cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries and the characteristic of the polyacrylonitrile precursor were investigated. The samples of different polyacrylonitrile precursors were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic response, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical performance of the sulfur composite cathode material made from the polyacrylonitrile precursor was also tested. The analysis showed that the molecular weight distribution and the impurity of the polyacrylonitrile precursor affected the electrochemical performance of the sulfur composite cathode material made from the precursor. The polyacrylonitrile precursor with the narrower distribution of the molecular weight and the higher structural purity of the polyacrylonitrile precursor led the better electrochemical performance of the sulfur composite cathode material made from the precursor.     

一种新的五日生物需氧量分析方法

利用荧光氧传感器连续监测封装在密闭培养皿中的废水溶氧浓度，提出了一种新的ＢＯＤ５分析方法，建立了两套ＢＯＤ５检测装置。实验结果表明，利用荧光氧传感器检测ＢＯＤ５，提高了测量的准确性和精度，可望成为新的标准化检测方法。     

A low-dimensional crystal growth model on an isotropic and quasi-free sustained substrate

A new crystal growth theoretical model is established for the low-dimensional nanocrystals on an isotropic and quasifree sustained substrate. The driven mechanism of the model is based on the competitive growth among the preferential growth directions of the crystals possessing anisotropic crystal structures, such as the hexagonal close-packed and wurtzite structures. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental findings in the growth process of the lowdimensional Zn nanocrystals on silicone oil surfaces. Our model shows a growth mechanism of various low-dimensional crystals on/in the isotropic substrates.     

锂离子聚合物常温固体电解质的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池聚合物常温固体电解质的最新研究进展。主要关注的是电化学性能,尤其是室温下的离子电导率。对性能较好的聚合物固体电解质体系进行了概述。     

锂离子电池LiBOB电解质盐研究

本文介绍了可用于锂离子电池的新型锂盐--双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)的基本性质,包括结构组成、合成方法、物理化学性能及其与结构的关系.综述了近年来在LiBOB新型电解质锂盐研究与探索方面的新成果,重点评价了BOB-阴离子对于石墨负极和金属氧化物正极材料表面的电化学性能.讨论了这种盐在锂离子系统中杂质和安全性等问题,归纳了其优缺点,指出今后电解质锂盐的研究发展方向.